Fabrication and performance evaluation of blood compatible hemodialysis membrane using carboxylic multiwall carbon nanotubes and low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone based nanocomposites

Abstract

This study focused to optimize the performance of polyethersulfone (PES) hemodialysis (HD) membrane using carboxylic functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (c‐MWCNT) and lower molecular weight grade of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP‐k30). Initially, MWCNT were chemically functionalized by acid treatment and nanocomposites (NCs) of PVP‐k30 and c‐MWCNT were formed and subsequently blended with PES polymer. The spectra of FTIR of the HD membranes revealed that NCs has strong hydrogen bonding and their addition to PES polymer improved the capillary system of membranes as confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and leaching of the additive decreased to 2% and hydrophilicity improved to 22%. The pore size and porosity of NCs were also enhanced and rejection rate was achieved in the establish dialysis range (<60 kDa). The antifouling studies had shown that NCs membrane exhibited 30% less adhesion of protein with 80% flux recovery ratio. The blood compatibility assessment disclosed that NCs based membranes showed prolonged thrombin and prothrombin clotting times, lessened production of fibrinogen cluster, and greatly suppressed adhesion of blood plasma than a pristine PES membrane. The results also unveiled that PVP‐k30/NCs improved the surface properties of the membrane and the urea and creatinine removal increased to 72% and 75% than pure PES membranes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 513–525, 2019.

Chemical Functionalization of Graphene Nanoplatelets with Hydroxyl, Amino, and Carboxylic Terminal Groups

“…In stage III and stage IV of this disease, the toxic urea or uric acid can only be removed by absorption, which is called hemodialysis. Using carbon-based materials is one of the most promising approaches towards this direction due to their high adsorption capacity [47,48], excellent hemocompatibility and relatively low cost. These materials have been demonstrated in adsorbing different kinds of compounds and heavy metal ions [49][50][51].…”

Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins

“…Hemolysis is another topic related to the hemocompatibility of biomaterials in contact with blood, the hemolysis ratio is an important parameter for evaluating blood compatibility. The lower the hemolysis rate, the better the blood compatibility of the material, and there have recently been some reports of carbon nanomaterials with excellent hemocompatibility [9,10,11,12] and high adsorption capacity [13,14].…”

Fabrication and performance evaluation of polymeric membrane using blood compatible hydroxyapatite for artificial kidney application

“…Finally, an oven was used to dry the treated membrane samples and then weighed again ( M 2). Leached percentage of HA was assessed via the leaching ratio by Equation () 19 …”