“…PZT thin-film actuators have wide applications, such as atomic force microscopes (AFM) [57,58], ultrasonic micromotors [59][60][61][62], one-or two-dimensional scanners [63][64][65], microswitches [66], resonators [67,68], and dual-stage actuators/sliders for next-generation computer hard disk drives [1,18,[69][70]. When PZT thin films are incorporated in a mesoor micro-actuator, there are many design challenges to overcome.…”