Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured Ti6Al4V powder from machining scraps

From Machining Chips to Raw Material for Powder Metallurgy—A Review

“…Fragmentation is greatly influenced by the type of milling process applied on chips, a higher efficiency of powder production was highlighted for the mill shaker technique than the planetary milling, achieving a faster size refinement was attributed to the milling energy induced by the shaking process [ 24 ]. Moreover, the collision energy also depends on the milling technique.…”

“…Milling time also influences fragmentation and particle size formation, e.g., an increase from 3 h to 5 h milling increased yield fragmentation [ 25 ]. Fragmentation continues by prolonging milling time though agglomeration of fine particles and formation of clusters can appear, e.g., particles of ~1 μm, in clusters, formed within 50 h ball milling of Ti 6 Al 4 V particles [ 24 ]. Figure 1 illustrates the particle size of recycled powders in different alloys influenced by processing methodology and conditions.…”

“…Table 3 and Figure 2 summarize the different research works about the particle shape function of material and the milling process ( Table 1 ). The morphology of the milled particles is strongly influenced by the milling time, i.e., during the initial steps a flake-like shape is obtained, this shape changes to spherical particles by prolonging milling time by which particles are repeatedly cold welded and fractured [ 24 ]. Some authors reported the production of H13 particles with metallic appearance of an aspect ratio close to one by prolonging milling time [ 13 ].…”

Analysis of thermo-elastic and physical properties of recycled 2017 Aluminium Alloy/Gp composites: thermal management application

“…To avoid these troubles, direct conversion method based on powder metallurgy technique have been developed [15,17,24,25] to produce powder in a single step. Many authors [15-17, 24, 26, 27] confirmed that the latter one is more appropriate in terms of energy consumption (26%-31%) and materials saving (up to 40% of material) [16][17][18][19].…”

“…Furthermore, new oxide skin formed during the re-melting process have an obvious effect on metal losses. About 48% of chips mass is lost during this process [16][17][18][19]. Additional disadvantage of this method is the high cost required due to the large number of steps to get a powder as centrifugal atomization [20], water atomization [21], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [22] or electrolysis [23].…”