Fabrication and Characterization of Effective Biochar Biosorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste to Remove Cationic Dyes from Wastewater

Abstract

The main aim of this work is to treat sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste and prepare an efficient, promising, and eco-friendly adsorbent material. Biochar is an example of such a material, and it is an extremely versatile and eco-friendly biosorbent to treat wastewater. Crystal violet (CV)-dye and methylene blue (MB)-dye species are examples of serious organic pollutants. Herein, biochar was prepared firstly from sugarcane bagasse (SCB), and then a biochar biosorbent was synthesized through pyrolysis and surface activation with NaOH. SEM, TEM, FTIR, Raman, surface area, XRD, and EDX were used to characterize the investigated materials. The reuse of such waste materials is considered eco-friendly in nature. After that, the adsorption of MB and CV-species from synthetically prepared wastewater using treated biochar was investigated under various conditions. To demonstrate the study’s effectiveness, it was attempted to achieve optimum effectiveness at an optimum level by working with time, adsorbent dose, dye concentration, NaCl, pH, and temperature. The number of adsorbed dyes reduced as the dye concentrations increased and marginally decreased with NaCl but increased with the adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature of the solution increased. Furthermore, it climbed for around 15 min before reaching equilibrium, indicating that all pores were almost full. Under the optimum condition, the removal perecentages of both MB and CV-dyes were ≥ 98%. The obtained equilibrium data was represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters were examined at various temperatures. The results illustrated that the Langmuir isotherm was utilized to explain the experimental adsorption processes with maximum adsorption capacities of MB and CV-dyes were 114.42 and 99.50 mgg−1, respectively. The kinetic data were estimated by pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order equations. The best correlation coefficients of the investigated adsorption processes were described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Finally, the data obtained were compared with some works published during the last four years.

Rapid Removal of Toxic Remazol Brilliant Blue-R Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Juglans nigra Shell Biomass Activated Carbon as Potential Adsorbent: Optimization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Investigation

“…A short peak at 617.65 cm −1 corresponds to =C–H bending vibrations of alkynes. After adsorption, a frequency shift was observed ( Figure 2 ) in the band intensities of hydroxyl (3391.52 cm −1 ), alkynes (2197.32 cm −1 ), carboxylic anhydrides (1903.71 cm −1 ), carbonyl (1573.18 cm −1 ), carboxylic acid (1196.29 cm −1 ), alcohols, phenols or ethers (1022.01 cm −1 ), and alkynes (544.68 cm −1 ) groups in the FT-IR spectra of RBBR loaded with WSBAC adsorbent [ 33 , 34 ]. This demonstrates that the above-mentioned functional groups in the particle surface played a major role in the adsorption process through Π–Π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions with the anionic dye molecules.…”

Removal of Methyl Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetic Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Seed

“…Biochar has both aliphatic and aromatic groups on its surface [13]. The band at 3366 cm -1 in the b-ER FTIR spectrum might be assigned to the -OH stretching vibration and the band at 1569 cm-1 might be assigned to the C-H stretch in the aromatic ring [14]. When the b-ER and b-ER MM spectra are compared, the peaks observed sharply at 830 cm -1, 1569 cm -1…”

Agrowaste-generated biochar for the sustainable remediation of refractory pollutants

“… Moharm et al (2022) developed biochar from sugarcane bagasse for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater. The biochar was prepared by pyrolyzing 1 g of dry bagasse powder in a muffle furnace at 350°C for 30 min at a heating rate of 10°C/min.…”

“… SEM image of SCB (A–C) , BC (D–F) , and T-BC (G–I) , and TEM image of T-BC (J–L) , reprinted from the work of Moharm, A. E., El Naeem, G. A., Soliman, H. M., Abd-Elhamid, A. I., El-Bardan, A. A., Kassem, T. S., Brase, S. (2022 ).…”