Fabrication and characterization of chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and cellulose nanowhiskers nanocomposite films for wound healing drug delivery application

Abstract

This study describes the preparation of composite film using chitosan (CS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with incorporated cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) for drug delivery application. CNWs were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cellulose with sulfuric acid. Field emission scanning electron microscopy studies revealed nanofibrous morphology of CNWs with 20-30 nm diameter and 200-250 nm in length. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed highly crystalline nature of CNWs with 92.81% crystallinity. Incorporation of CNWs enhanced the thermal and mechanical properties of films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data showed physical interactions between polymer-polymer and polymer-drug. Films prepared with CNWs showed improved swelling behavior which resulted in sustained drug release from polymeric matrix. In vitro curcumin release data were fitted with two-step release model; Step 1 as desorption from the outer surface of the film, and Step 2 as diffusion from within the film and subsequent desorption. The release kinetics confirmed biphasic release profile with different release rates along with diffusion controlled curcumin release. Prepared films showed high biocompatibility with excellent antibacterial activities. Overall, the performed studies confirmed CS-PVP-CNWs based release system can as a potential candidate for wound dressing applications with sustained drug release. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2391-2404, 2017.

Gelatin‐polysaccharide composite scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering: Towards natural therapeutics

“…Cellulose derivatives, such as CMC and MC, ethyl cellulose, acetyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose have frequently been used to formulate hydrogels, nanoparticles (e.g., nanowhiskers), and nanofibers . Moreover, in combination with other synthetic and natural polymers, such as proteins, in particular gelatin, a wide range of applications have been demonstrated for these composite materials as scaffolds for 3D cellular engineering .…”

Crab vs. Mushroom: A Review of Crustacean and Fungal Chitin in Wound Treatment

“…The mechanical properties of chitosan-based wound dressings are also sometimes the focus of derivatizations utilizing crosslinking. Despite the unsuitability of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogels themselves as wound-dressing materials due to their insufficient elasticity and limited hydrophilicity [122], they are popular crosslinkers for chitosan-based hydrogels, to improve their tensile properties [123][124][125][126]. Crosslinking with genipin, a chemical compound found in gardenia fruit extract, is also popular [3,127].…”

Synthesis and characterization of methyl acrylamide cellulose nanowhiskers for environmental applications

“…In this study we prepared cellulose nanowhiskers using sulfuric acid hydrolysis as reported elsewhere by our group [9]. Briefly, microcrystalline cellulose powder was treated with 65% (v/v) sulfuric acid in 1:10 (w/v) ratio at 50°C under constant stirring for 2 h. The reaction was stopped by adding two folds of ice cold water to the solution.…”

“…The hydroxyl (-OH) surface groups of CNWs was initially oxidized to carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups using TEMPO-mediated oxidation system [9]. For this, 1% (w/v) of prepared CNWs were mixed with TEMPO (70 mg/g) and NaBr (180 mg/g) under constant stirring at room temperature.…”

“…Recent studies have explored various forms of cellulose nanostructures such as cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanotubes for various biotechnological and environmental applications. In contrast to carbon nanotubes, the presence of surface active hydroxyl groups on their surfaces boosts cellulose nano-whiskers exploration in the field of biotechnology due to their improved solvent dispersity [8,9]. Apart from surface active groups, its high surface to volume ratio encourages towards surface functionalization studies.…”