Fabrication and biocompatibility assessment of polypyrrole/cobalt(II) metal-organic frameworks nanocomposites

Abstract

Nowadays, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising tools for different biological applications and therefore, efforts are ongoing to develop more biocompatible MOFs-based nanocomposites. We aimed to fabricate some new conductive nanocomposites of polypyrrole and cobalt-MOF with different weight percentages (PPy/x%Co-MOF) using the solution mixing method and characterize them through FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared), PXRD (powder X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscope), and TEM (transmission electron microscope) techniques. The biocompatibility of nanocomposites was assessed by haemolytic, cytotoxic, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. FT-IR and PXRD results revealed that nanocomposites consisted of pure MOFs and PPy. Moreover, SEM results indicated their spherical morphology along with an average diameter of 190 nm. (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed a concentration, and percentagedependent cytotoxic effect of the nanocomposites on some cell lines including 3T3 fibroblasts, MCF-7, and J774.A1 macrophages. Haematological toxicity of PPy/x%Co-MOF composites was less than 7% in most concentrations. Furthermore, PPy/x%Co-MOF composites did not show any significant effect on the expression of cyclooxygenase − 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes. In sum, regarding the haemolytic, proinflammatory, and cytotoxic tests, prepared nanocomposite demonstrated the reasonable in vitro biocompatibility which may be considered as a hopeful platform for further investigations including clinical applications.

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“…2a reveal various bands corresponding to the functional groups present in HPPy, which are the bands at 3412 cm À1 (N-H), 1550 cm À1 (C-C), 1467 cm À1 (C-N), 1097 cm À1 and 1041 cm À1 (C-H/N-H), and 921 cm À1 (C-H). 35,36 After the introduction of the layer of HPPy@Co-MIM, new bands appeared, including the bending stretch of the imidazole ring from 600 cm À1 to 1500 cm À1 , and the bending stretch of Co-N at about 425 cm À1 , confirming the formation of a coordination polymer as the coating layer. 37 The PXRD patterns in Fig.…”