Fabric characteristics of subaerial slope deposits

Bertrán, Pascal; Hétu, Bernard; Texier, Jean‐Pierre; Steijn, Henk van

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1997.tb00421.x

Cited by 155 publications

(168 citation statements)

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“…Whereas snow avalanche deposits result from the erosion and entrainment of rocks by snow avalanches, talus slopes form mainly as a consequence of rockfall (Jomelli and Francou, 2000). Although rockfall and snow avalanches are the dominant depositional mechanisms behind talus and snow avalanche deposits, debris flows and rainwash and snowmelt water processes may also influence their formation (White, 1981;Bertran et al, 1997). In addition, between these two types of landform there exist transitional deposits that result from some combination of all the different mechanisms described above (Jomelli and Francou, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater flow and storage within an alpine meadow-talus complex

McClymont

Hayashi

Bentley

et al. 2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The different types of geological deposits and rock formations found in alpine watersheds play key roles in regulating the rate and timing of runoff to mountain rivers. Talus and alpine meadows are dominant features in these areas, but scant data exist for their capacity to store and transmit groundwater. To gain further understanding of these processes, we have undertaken a combined geophysical and hydrological study of a small (2100 m 2 ) alpine meadow and surrounding talus within the Lake O'Hara watershed in the Canadian Rockies. Several intersecting ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles and a seismic refraction profile were acquired to map the thickness of the talus and to image the topography of the bedrock basin that underlies the meadow. From analysis of the GPR and seismic profiles, we estimate that the talus deposits are relatively thin (<6 m). Combined interpretations from the GPR and ERT data show that the fine-grained sediment comprising the meadow basin has a total volume of ca. 3300 m 3 and has a maximum thickness of ca. 4 m. Annual snow surveys and stream gauging reveal that the total input volume of snowmelt and rainfall to the meadow basin is several times larger than its groundwater storage capacity, giving rise to low total-dissolved species concentrations (14-21 mg/L) within the meadow groundwater. Observations from four piezometers established on the meadow show that the water table fluctuates rapidly in response to spring snowmelt and precipitation events but otherwise maintains a relatively stable depth of 0.3-0.4 m below the meadow surface during summer months. A slug test performed on one of the piezometers indicated that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the shallow meadow sediments is 2.5×10 −7 m/s.Correspondence to: A. F. McClymont (alastairmcclymont@gmail.com) We suggest that a bedrock saddle imaged underneath the southern end of the meadow forms a natural constriction to subsurface flow out of the basin and helps to maintain the stable water-table depth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater flow and storage within an alpine meadow-talus complex

McClymont

Hayashi

Bentley

et al. 2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…In Log 7, organic (Table 4). In contrast, in Log 9, organic material in LFA3a returned two much younger radiocarbon ages of 6969 ± 39 and 8150 ± 40 14 C yrs BP respectively (Table 4/ Fig. 13).…”

Section: Lfa3mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These deposits are likely to have formed through gravitationally driven slope wash, debris flow and solifluction [14], sourced from steep terrain backing a number of delta sites. Stratification and a clear sorted structure are indicative of an overland flow component [15].…”

Section: Lfa4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The glacial history of the southern Svartenhuk Halvø, West Greenland

Lane

Roberts

Cofaigh

et al. 2015

Arktos

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This paper presents a new, detailed geomorphological and sedimentological appraisal of the southern Svartenhuk Halvø, a remote area of West Greenland that has only been subjected to limited geomorphological and sedimentological research. Despite this, it is of importance as several studies have suggested it remained an ice-free enclave during the Last Glacial Maximum. This previous work, based on biostratigraphic and chronological evidence, has provided evidence for the 'Svartenhuk Marine Event', a period of ice free conditions and marine deposition into a higher than present relative sea-level during the previous interglacial (MIS 5a-e). This has been correlated to other interglacial deposits in West Greenland. New geomorphological and sedimentological investigations from this study present compelling arguments for the glaciation of southern Svartenhuk Halvø by valley glaciers and mountain ice caps, questioning the status of this peninsula as an ice-free enclave. Ice directional indicators and clast lithological results suggest ice covering Svartenhuk Halvø was sourced from the higher altitude interior of the peninsula and expanded to the present coastline. In a number of valleys, sedimentological evidence points to at least two glacial advances with subglacial till production through the reworking of glaciomarine sediments, and ice contact and glacier-fed delta deposition during phases of ice retreat. The geomorphological and sedimentological context of the sediments (Gilbert type deltas), coupled with evidence for eskers and kettled/pitted delta surfaces, suggests these features formed under glacial and not interglacial conditions. This is supported by new radiocarbon dates which suggest outlet glacier advance and retreat across the area towards the end of MIS 3 and possibly into the Early Holocene. Svartenhuk Halvø was not overrun by the main Greenland Ice Sheet during the last glacial cycle, but the development of an independent ice cap and local outlet glaciers across this region may have been instrumental in determining the dynamic evolution of the Uummannaq ice stream onset zone during the last glacial cycle.

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“…Los abanicos aluviales han sido tradicionalmente asumidos como el arquetipo del ambiente de piedemonte y, por lo tanto, sus depósitos largamente citados en la literatura geológica como las acumulaciones clásicas y casi excluyentes, en áreas de frentes de montañas (Blair y McPherson, 1994;Talling et al, 1995;Bertran et al, 1997;Bilkra y Nemec, 1998;Howard et al, 2007;Suriano y Limarino, 2009). Comúnmente, estas geoformas se desarrollan al frente de los macizos montañosos, y pueden ser caracterizadas por el tamaño de sus depósitos, la composición de los clastos, las tasas de sedimentación y el transporte de sedimentos (Colombo, 1992;Saito y Oguchi 2005;Curry y Morris 2004;Ballantyne, 2002;Collinson, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified