Groundwater flow and storage within an alpine meadow-talus complex

McClymont, Alastair; Hayashi, Masaki; Bentley, L. R.; Muir, D.; Ernst, Erin

doi:10.5194/hess-14-859-2010

Cited by 72 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The maximum water storage capacity in the groundwater layer (gw max [mm]) was estimated as 500 mm for all HRUs based on previous analysis of the basin hydrogeology (Stevenson, 1967). Values of various water storage capacities are listed in Table 2 and are comparable to, and within the range found in other mountainous environments (Clow et al, 2003;McClymont et al, 2010).…”

Section: Hillslope Module Parametersmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Freeze and Harlan, 1969) and there was insufficient information to parameterise such a model in Marmot Creek at this time. Further research such as tracer experiment methods (Clow et al, 2003) or geophysical investigations such as that conducted by McClymont et al (2010) and Langston et al (2011) is warranted to improve the understanding of the groundwater system in Marmot Creek in support of improved modelling of surface water and groundwater interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Fang

Pomeroy

Ellis

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

113

151

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Abstract.One of the purposes of the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) is to diagnose inadequacies in the understanding of the hydrological cycle and its simulation. A physically based hydrological model including a full suite of snow and cold regions hydrology processes as well as warm season, hillslope and groundwater hydrology was developed in CRHM for application in the Marmot Creek Research Basin (∼ 9.4 km 2 ), located in the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Parameters were selected from digital elevation model, forest, soil, and geological maps, and from the results of many cold regions hydrology studies in the region and elsewhere. Non-calibrated simulations were conducted for six hydrological years during the period 2005-2011 and were compared with detailed field observations of several hydrological cycle components. The results showed good model performance for snow accumulation and snowmelt compared to the field observations for four seasons during the period 2007-2011, with a small bias and normalised root mean square difference (NRMSD) ranging from 40 to 42 % for the subalpine conifer forests and from 31 to 67 % for the alpine tundra and treeline larch forest environments. Overestimation or underestimation of the peak SWE ranged from 1.6 to 29 %. Simulations matched well with the observed unfrozen moisture fluctuation in the top soil layer at a lodgepole pine site during the period 2006-2011, with a NRMSD ranging from 17 to 39 %, but with consistent overestimation of 7 to 34 %. Evaluations of seasonal streamflow during the period 2006-2011 revealed that the model generally predicted well compared to observations at the basin scale, with a NRMSD of 60 % and small model bias (1 %), while at the sub-basin scale NRMSDs were larger, ranging from 72 to 76 %, though overestimation or underestimation for the cumulative seasonal discharge was within 29 %. Timing of discharge was better predicted at the Marmot Creek basin outlet, having a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.58 compared to the outlets of the sub-basins where NSE ranged from 0.2 to 0.28. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of 0.15 and 0.17 for comparisons between the simulated groundwater storage and observed groundwater level fluctuation at two wells indicate weak but positive correlations. The model results are encouraging for uncalibrated prediction and indicate research priorities to improve simulations of snow accumulation at treeline, groundwater dynamics, and small-scale runoff generation processes in this environment. The study shows that improved hydrological cycle model prediction can be derived from improved hydrological understanding and therefore is a model that can be applied for prediction in ungauged basins.

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Section: Hillslope Module Parametersmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Fang

Pomeroy

Ellis

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

113

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The results of heavy metal analysis of the spring taken from water wells are given in [17,28], Ti 4+ ion exceeds the same permitted by [23] and Fe 2+ ion exceeds the same permitted by [7] and Turkish Standard [17,28] (Table 5). …”

Section: Heavy Metal Contementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the research made by [16], it was determined that, in the watershed at the western part of the Canadian Rockies, the mountain snowpacks flows to the lowlands through the bedrocks and talus in the form of surface runoff together with melting of the snows. The drainage under the bedrock and talus interaction is deposited in the soil beneath the geological coverage on which grassland meadow has grown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Talus Deposit Excavations on Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Kuvars Spring Water, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey

Pehlivan

Emre²,

Key³

2012

JWARP

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Spring waters consumed for drinking purposes should be clean and quality. These waters with balanced mineral distribution, which do not contain organic substances, whose physical and chemical caharacteristics comply with certain quality parameters and which do not negatively affect human health are identified as healthy water. Kuvars water is a spring water which is pumped out from the draw well at the Camurluk stream basin of Maltepe province of Istanbul and filled into bottles. The Camurluk stream basin is approximately 4.5 km 2 . The Camurluk stream basin is sedimentary rocks and talus deposit outcrops. Reaching of trace elements, which is found more in the talus deposit samples than outcropping quartzarenite at the basin, to underground aquifer as ions under effect of rains, water rock interaction, leakage and filtration, is prevented by illite type clay levels existing within the talus deposit stack, which have upto 20 cm thickness. However, negative effects of the excavation that were made at the talus deposit reflect on the hydrologic cycle and chemical compositions of well waters. This effect was at first negatively affected the physical characteristics of the well waters. During the rainy periods, the water in the excavated area which was enriched with respect to the suspended sediments was percolated into the groundwaters from the joints and cracks of the quartzarenite. The turbidity value measured in the well waters of K2 and K3 were determined as 40.3 NTU and 34.2 NTU respectively. Although at the basin, the aquifer of underground water and the well waters being managed are quartzarenite, the fact that water types belonging to well waters differ (they are not same) according to the Piper diagram and when the heavy metal content of the water of well numbered KS1 is taken as basis, that some heavy metals such as Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ and Cu 2+ be enriched 3 to 40 times in KS2 and KS3 well waters, are caused by talus deposit-water interaction at the excavation area. After a rainfall, in the water that became turbid with the water-talus deposit interaction at the excavation area, the water-mineral interaction has caused the limit value for drinking water suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) to be exceeded with the Al 3+ concentration of 189 ppb detected in KS2 well water and Fe 2+ concentration of 185 ppb has caused to approach the drinking water limit value of 200 ppb permitted by World Health Organization (WHO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), European Union (EU) and Turkish Standards (TS). Therefore, at the water basins where bottled spring waters consumed for drinking purposes are produced, technical undertakings that shall disturb the stability of geological units should not be permitted.

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Impact of mountain permafrost on flow path and runoff response in a high alpine catchment

Rogger

Chirico

Hausmann

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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Permafrost in high alpine catchments is expected to disappear in future warmer climates, but the hydrological impact of such changes is poorly understood. This paper investigates the flow paths and the hydrological response in a 5 km2 high alpine catchment in the Ötztal Alps, Austria, and their changes resulting from a loss of permafrost. Spatial permafrost distribution, depth to the permafrost table, and depth to the bedrock were mapped by geophysical methods. Catchment runoff and meteorological variables were monitored from June 2008 to December 2011. These data were used along with field experience to infer conceptual schemes of the dominant flow paths in four types of hillslopes that differ in terms of their unconsolidated sediment characteristics and the presence of permafrost. The four types are: talus fans, rock glaciers, Little Ice Age (LIA) till, and pre‐LIA till. Permafrost tends to occur in the first three types, but is absent from pre‐LIA till. Based on these flow path concepts, runoff was simulated for present conditions and for future conditions when permafrost has completely disappeared. The simulations indicate that complete disappearance of permafrost will reduce flood peaks by up to 17% and increase runoff during recession by up to 19%. It is argued that change modeling needs to account for flow path types and their changes based on geophysical surveys and field investigations.

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Groundwater flow and storage within an alpine meadow-talus complex

Cited by 72 publications

References 37 publications

Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Effect of Talus Deposit Excavations on Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Kuvars Spring Water, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey

Impact of mountain permafrost on flow path and runoff response in a high alpine catchment

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