Faba Bean Growth and Yield as Affected by Application Methods of Iron or Manganese

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at Giza experimental Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons. The main objective was to study the effect of either iron (Fe) or manganese (Mn) application methods, viz. seed coating at rates of 0.2 g Fe or 0.3 g Mn / 1 kg seed, foliar application at 200 ppm Fe or 300 ppm Mn 45 days after sowing (DAS) and the combination of both methods on growth, yield and seed quality of Giza 40 and Nubaria 1 faba bean cultivars. The split plot design with three replications was used. Results showed that Giza 40 produced significantly taller plants at 64, 85, 106 and 127 DAS. It was also superior in plant shoot dry weight at 64 and 85 DAS. The same trend was true at harvest regarding pod number / plant in both seasons. However, Nubaria 1 surpassed Giza 40 in plant shoot dry weight at 106 and 127 DAS. In addition, Nubaria 1 was superior to Giza 40 in leaf area (LA) / plant at all growth ages, 100-seed weight, seed weight / plant, seed and straw yields / feddan as well as seed crude protein, Fe and Mn contents. All treatments induced significant increases over the control in all investigated yield traits in both seasons. Foliar application of Fe was the most effective treatment in this respect followed by foliar application of Mn. The average increases due to foliar application of Fe were 20.4, 42.8, 14.2 and 23.2 % for number of pods / plant, seed weight / plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield / feddan, respectively compared with control. Results also indicated that foliar application of either Fe or Mn could have improved yield and seed quality traits. The improvement in seed protein, total carbohydrate, Fe and Mn contents due to foliar application over coating or coating + spraying methods were 4.8 and 3.9 % for crude protein, 6.1 and 5.5 % for total carbohydrates, 11.1 and 7.5 % for Fe and 10.4 and 7.2 % for Mn, respectively.

Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization and Foliar Spraying with Chelated Iron on Growth and Quality of Faba Bean in Sandy Soils

“…The favorable effect of foliar spraying with chelated iron on seed crude protein percentage might be attributed to that iron enhances metabolic processes, various enzymes and nitrogen fixation by root nodules bacteria as well as stimulates synthesis of protein (Marschner, 1986). Similar results were detected by El-Gizawy (2003) who reported that seed crude protein percentage of faba bean was increased by spraying with 0.5 g /L of chelated iron, Abdo and Attia (2007)…”

“…Spraying faba bean plants with 1500 ppm chelated iron reflected increases in leaves area/plant at 96 days from sowing compared to 750 ppm and unsprayed control by 9.69% and 21.83%, respectively in the first season and 9.72% and 21.89%, respectively in the second season. Similar results were reported by Abdo and Attia (2007) who mentioned that leaves area per plant of faba bean was increased by foliar application of 200 ppm iron, Salem et al (2014) by spraying with 4 g /L of iron and Al-Zubaidy and Al-Bawee (2018) by spraying with 200 ppm chelated iron.…”

“…Spraying faba bean plants with 1500 ppm chelated iron surpassed 750 ppm and unsprayed control in total chlorophyll content at 96 days from sowing by 9.23% and 21.14%, respectively in the first season and 9.26% and 21.26%, respectively in the second season. The increase in total chlorophyll content by spraying faba bean plants with chelated iron might be due to that iron enhances synthesis of chlorophyll (Marschner, 1986).These results are in accordance with those detected by Abdo and Attia (2007) Data in Table (7) show that there were consistent and remarkable increases in seed crude protein percentage as chelated iron concentration increased from zero to 750 and 1500 ppm with significant differences among the three concentrations and that was true in the two seasons. The relative increases in seed crude protein percentage by spraying faba bean plants with 1500 ppm chelated iron compared to 750 ppm and unsprayed control were 8.63% and 18.80%, respectively in the first season and 8.44% and 18.40%, respectively in the second season.…”

“…The relative increases in plant height at 96 days from sowing by spraying faba bean with 1500 ppm chelated iron compared to 750 ppm and zero (control) were 7.11% and 15.58%, respectively in the first season and 9.38% and 18.02%, respectively in the second season (Table 1). In harmony with these results, El-Gizawy (2003) recorded that plant height of faba bean increased by spraying plants with 0.5 g/L of chelated iron, Abdo and Attia (2007) Data presented in Table (2) illustrate that here were significant increases in number of branches per plant at 96 days from sowing in the two seasons as chelated iron concentration increased up to 1500 ppm. The relative increases in number of branches/plant by foliar application of 1500 ppm chelated iron compared to 750 ppm and unsprayed control were 11.11% and 26.02%, respectively in the first season and 11.03% and 25.81%, respectively in the second season.…”

“…The beneficial effect of foliar spraying with iron on growth and yield quality of faba bean were recorded by El-Gizawy (2003), Abdo and Attia (2007), Fusial et al (2012), Abd El-Razek et al (2013), El-Tantawy and Nawar (2013), Al-Hiji (2014, Salem et al (2014), Abdel-Salam (2018), Al-Zubaidy and Al-Bawee (2018), Alabboudh and Saad (2019), Attiya et al (2019), El-Shafey et al (2019), Fadhil andJader (2020), Nour El-Din et al (2020) and El-Mansy et al (2021).…”