F₂‐Isoprostanes as Markers of Oxidant Stress: An Overview

Abstract

The isoprostanes are a unique series of prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo via a non-enzymatic mechanism involving the free radical-initiated peroxidation of arachidonic acid. This unit summarizes selected aspects regarding current knowledge of these compounds and their value as markers of oxidative injury. Novel aspects related to the biochemistry of isoprostane formation are discussed and methods by which these compounds can be analyzed and quantified are summarized. A considerable portion of this unit examines the utility of F(2)-isoprostanes as markers of oxidant injury in vitro and in vivo. Numerous studies carried out over the past decade have shown that these compounds are extremely accurate measures of lipid peroxidation in animals and humans and have illuminated the role of oxidant injury in a number of human diseases.

Antioxidant properties of drugs used in Type 2 diabetes management: could they contribute to, confound or conceal effects of antioxidant therapy?

“…This could be because urinary F 2 -isoprostane excretion may be confounded by local production in the kidney and is more variable [128]. In another study, vitamin C supplementation had no effect on the vitamin E concentration of HDL-C in patients with diabetes, although an increase in intracellular glutathione (GSH) was seen (p < 0.01) when compared to the placebo group [129].…”

A New Chiral Pyrrolyl α-Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical Attenuates β-Amyloid Deposition and Rescues Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease

“…The inhibitory effect on CHP-induced lipid peroxidation was calculated as follows: (%) inhibition ratio0(I 0 -I)/I 0 ×100. F2-isoprostanes (non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid) are considered as markers of oxidative stress [24]. F2-isoprostanes were determined with an immunoassay kit (Cayman, Ann Arbor, MI) according to the manufacturer's instructions [25].…”

Electrophilic Cyclopentenone Isoprostanes in Neurodegeneration

“…1; Morrow et al 1994). Because of their stability, the measurement F 2 -IsoPs by mass spectrometry has been extensively employed as an marker of oxidant stress, and is widely considered to be the goldstandard index of lipid peroxidation in vivo (Morrow and Roberts 1998;Musiek et al 2005). Increased cerebral F 2 -IsoP formation has been associated with numerous neuro- Figure 1 Formation and neurotoxicity of cyclopentenone IsoPs.…”