Eye position affects flight altitude in visual approach to landing independent of level of expertise of pilot

Jacobs, David M.; Morice, Antoine H.P.; Camachon, Cyril; Montagne, Gilles

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197585

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…However, perceptual-motor processes may not reach the pilots’ awareness. Virtual reality setups thus allow more finely grained experimental methods that can be used in complement to track perceptual information picked up when landing [ 13 ]. Indeed, the more rooted the aid is in the perceptual-motor principles used by pilots, the more efficient the aid will be [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

et al. 2021

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Helicopter landing on a ship is a visually regulated "rendezvous" task during which pilots must use fine control to land a powerful rotorcraft on the deck of a moving ship tossed by the sea while minimizing the energy at impact. Although augmented reality assistance can be hypothesized to improve pilots’ performance and the safety of landing maneuvers by guiding action toward optimal behavior in complex and stressful situations, the question of the optimal information to be displayed to feed the pilots’ natural information-movement coupling remains to be investigated. Novice participants were instructed to land a simplified helicopter on a ship in a virtual reality simulator while minimizing energy at impact and landing duration. The wave amplitude and related ship heave were manipulated. We compared the benefits of two types of visual augmentation whose design was based on either solving cockpit-induced visual occlusion problems or strengthening the online regulation of the deceleration by keeping the current τ˙ variable around an ideal value of -0.5 to conduct smooth and efficient landing. Our results showed that the second augmentation, ecologically grounded, offers benefits at several levels of analysis. It decreases the landing duration, improves the control of the helicopter displacement, and sharpens the sensitivity to changes in τ˙. This underlines the importance for designers of augmented reality systems to collaborate with psychologists to identify the relevant perceptual-motor strategy that must be encouraged before designing an augmentation that will enhance it.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

et al. 2021

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“…Other more complex scenarios can also allow detecting the perceptive expertise of players more precisely. In the same way that contextual information was neutralized using VR in this paper, other manipulations are possible including spatial 34 and temporal occlusion, 50 , 51 as well as decorrelation 52 of the several sources of information available in the visual scene. These manipulations could be utilized to infer the contribution of visual information to the regulation and for regulating the motion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi‐scale analysis of basketball throw in virtual reality for tracking perceptual‐motor expertise

Soltani

Morice

2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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1-For evaluating the efficacy of VR simulators, several scales of analysis should be used. 2-We evaluated basket-ball, ball-player, and player systems by monitoring success rate, ball kinematics, and player kinematics in a VR basketball simulator. These scales also reflect construct fidelity (the ability to identify the differences between players), biomechanical fidelity (natural behavior in VR), and psychological fidelity (the ability of the players to react and adapt to the changes in VR). 3-As shown below, not all scales provide meaningful information regarding players' experience levels, gender, or their adjustments to the changes in visual scenarios.4-Depending on the objective, certain scales can be used alone or in combination with other scales, for talent identification and training improvement.

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“…In current flights, navigation instruments and warning systems on the flight path (Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and Terrain Avoidance and Warning System (TAWS)) and, at lower altitudes, ILS, along with the pilot's natural vision, provide accurate information about the position, attitude, and flight environment. Recent research has shown that a pilot's inadequate visual perception can endanger the landing phase [2].…”

Section: Visual Navigation Instruments In Landingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, aeronautical engineers are looking for new methods to overcome the problems associated with limited pilot visibility, by introducing many new measurements and avionics (e.g., aircraft status indicators, radio navigation, inertial landing system, and ground proximity warning systems) [1]. However, landing is still one of the most accident-prone ight phases, with a relatively high percentage of fatal and nonfatal air accidents [1,2]. It has been reported that almost half of plane crashes occur in the approach and nal landing stages [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Landing Based on the Human Depth Perception in Limited Visibility and Failure of Avionic Systems

Mobini

Sabzehparvar

2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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This paper introduces a novel visual landing system applicable to the accurate landing of commercial aircraft utilizing human depth perception algorithms, named a 3D Model Landing System (3DMLS). The 3DMLS uses a simulation environment for visual landing in the failure of navigation aids/avionics, adverse weather conditions, and limited visibility. To simulate the approach path and surrounding area, the 3DMLS implements both the inertial measurement unit (IMU) and the digital elevation model (DEM). While the aircraft is in the instrument landing system (ILS) range, the 3DMLS simulates more details of the environment in addition to implementing the DOF depth perception algorithm to provide a clear visual landing path. This path is displayed on a multifunction display in the cockpit for pilots. As the pilot’s eye concentrates mostly on the runway location and touch-down point, “the runway” becomes the center of focus in the environment simulation. To display and evaluate the performance of the 3DMLS and depth perception, a landing auto test is also designed and implemented to guide the aircraft along the runway. The flight path is derived simultaneously by comparison of the current aircraft and the runway position. The Unity and MATLAB software are adopted to model the 3DMLS. The accuracy and the quality of the simulated environment in terms of resolution, the field of view, frame per second, and latency are confirmed based on FSTD’s visual requirements. Finally, the saliency map toolbox shows that the depth of field (DOF) implementation increases the pilot’s concentration resulting in safe landing guidance.

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Eye position affects flight altitude in visual approach to landing independent of level of expertise of pilot

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

A multi‐scale analysis of basketball throw in virtual reality for tracking perceptual‐motor expertise

Visual Landing Based on the Human Depth Perception in Limited Visibility and Failure of Avionic Systems

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