Eye Movements in Real-World Scene Photographs: General Characteristics and Effects of Viewing Task

Cronin, Deborah; Hall, Elizabeth H.; Goold, Jessica; Hayes, Taylor R.; Henderson, John M.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02915

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Data analysis was based on 52,246 fixations across participants and scenes, with a mean of 33 fixations per scene (SD = 6.98 fixations), a mean fixation duration of 318 msec (SD = 69 msec), and a mean saccade amplitude of 2.84°( SD = 0.66°). Eye-movement measures were comparable to those typically obtained for similar scenes viewed outside the scanner (Cronin, Hall, Goold, Hayes, & Henderson, 2020;Castelhano, Mack, & Henderson, 2009).…”

Section: Eye-movement Analysissupporting

confidence: 70%

Neural Correlates of Fixated Low- and High-level Scene Properties during Active Scene Viewing

Henderson

Goold

Choi

et al. 2020

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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During real-world scene perception, viewers actively direct their attention through a scene in a controlled sequence of eye fixations. During each fixation, local scene properties are attended, analyzed, and interpreted. What is the relationship between fixated scene properties and neural activity in the visual cortex? Participants inspected photographs of real-world scenes in an MRI scanner while their eye movements were recorded. Fixation-related fMRI was used to measure activation as a function of lower- and higher-level scene properties at fixation, operationalized as edge density and meaning maps, respectively. We found that edge density at fixation was most associated with activation in early visual areas, whereas semantic content at fixation was most associated with activation along the ventral visual stream including core object and scene-selective areas (lateral occipital complex, parahippocampal place area, occipital place area, and retrosplenial cortex). The observed activation from semantic content was not accounted for by differences in edge density. The results are consistent with active vision models in which fixation gates detailed visual analysis for fixated scene regions, and this gating influences both lower and higher levels of scene analysis.

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Section: Eye-movement Analysissupporting

confidence: 70%

Neural Correlates of Fixated Low- and High-level Scene Properties during Active Scene Viewing

Henderson

Goold

Choi

et al. 2020

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

Self Cite

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“…One detail immediately worth noting is that saccade amplitudes increase, plateau, and then decrease, so a more accurate approach may be to use the less-eloquent term "fine-to-coarse-to-fine" behavior. A relationship between ordinal fixation number and both fixation durations and saccade amplitudes has also been reported in the scene perception literature (Castelhano et al, 2009;Cronin et al, 2020), suggesting that this behavior is not limited to simple visual search displays alone.…”

Section: Pitfall #2: Failing To Consider Coarse-to-fine Behavior Whensupporting

confidence: 53%

Avoiding potential pitfalls in visual search and eye-movement experiments: A tutorial review

Godwin

Hout

Alexdóttir

et al. 2021

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Examining eye-movement behavior during visual search is an increasingly popular approach for gaining insights into the moment-to-moment processing that takes place when we look for targets in our environment. In this tutorial review, we describe a set of pitfalls and considerations that are important for researchers – both experienced and new to the field – when engaging in eye-movement and visual search experiments. We walk the reader through the research cycle of a visual search and eye-movement experiment, from choosing the right predictions, through to data collection, reporting of methodology, analytic approaches, the different dependent variables to analyze, and drawing conclusions from patterns of results. Overall, our hope is that this review can serve as a guide, a talking point, a reflection on the practices and potential problems with the current literature on this topic, and ultimately a first step towards standardizing research practices in the field.

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“…In previous studies, evidence for object-based selection in scenes was found for different task instructions 5,19 . In addition, studies in which a scene memorisation task was compared with an aesthetic preference judgement task have revealed only subtle differences in eye-movement behaviour 64,[69][70][71] . Nevertheless, we cannot exclude the possibility that our object-related memory questions have biased participants toward fixating individual objects in the scenes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salience-based object prioritization during active viewing of naturalistic scenes in young and older adults

Nuthmann

Schütz

Einhäuser

2020

Sci Rep

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Whether fixation selection in real-world scenes is guided by image salience or by objects has been a matter of scientific debate. To contrast the two views, we compared effects of location-based and object-based visual salience in young and older (65 + years) adults. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the unique contribution of salience to fixation selection in scenes. When analysing fixation guidance without recurrence to objects, visual salience predicted whether image patches were fixated or not. This effect was reduced for the elderly, replicating an earlier finding. When using objects as the unit of analysis, we found that highly salient objects were more frequently selected for fixation than objects with low visual salience. Interestingly, this effect was larger for older adults. We also analysed where viewers fixate within objects, once they are selected. A preferred viewing location close to the centre of the object was found for both age groups. The results support the view that objects are important units of saccadic selection. Reconciling the salience view with the object view, we suggest that visual salience contributes to prioritization among objects. Moreover, the data point towards an increasing relevance of object-bound information with increasing age.

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Eye Movements in Real-World Scene Photographs: General Characteristics and Effects of Viewing Task

Cited by 29 publications

References 97 publications

Neural Correlates of Fixated Low- and High-level Scene Properties during Active Scene Viewing

Neural Correlates of Fixated Low- and High-level Scene Properties during Active Scene Viewing

Avoiding potential pitfalls in visual search and eye-movement experiments: A tutorial review

Salience-based object prioritization during active viewing of naturalistic scenes in young and older adults

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