“…It is well documented that this most-at-risk group is also the one that resist antismoking messages the most, in the form of selective attention and perception (e.g., Hwang, 2010), defensive avoidance (e.g., Kessels & Ruiter, 2012), biased perception (e.g., Freeman et al, 2000), and psychological reactance (e.g., Erceg-Hurn & Steed, 2011). The main effect of smoker status confirmed this resistance from smokers: Nonsmokers found the antismoking messages to be most effective, while regular smokers found them to be the least effective (cf.…”