Targeting Smokers With Empathy Appeal Antismoking Public Service Announcements: A Field Experiment

Shen, Lijiang

doi:10.1080/10810730.2015.1012236

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…tobacco industry is deceptive, smokers appear foolish) resulted in lower intentions to smoke, more negative attitudes toward smoking, greater susceptibility to anti-smoking ads, and more negative beliefs about the acceptability of smoking among women 98 . Empathy appeals (campaigns that represented someone’s pain, interpersonal relationships, or emotions) were more effective for women than for men, but fear appeals were equally effective for both sexes 99 . Ads that emphasize short-term consequences of smoking (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-tobacco marketing and anti-tobacco campaigns aimed at vulnerable populations: A review of the literature

Cruz¹,

Rose²,

Lienemann³

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTIONWe reviewed research literature on pro-tobacco marketing and anti-tobacco campaigns targeting eight vulnerable populations to determine key findings and research gaps. Results can inform tobacco policy and control efforts and the design of public education campaigns for these groups.METHODSFive journal databases in medicine, communication, and science, were used to identify 8875 peer-reviewed, original articles in English, published in the period 2004–2018. There were 144 articles that met inclusion criteria on pro-tobacco marketing or anti-tobacco campaigns aimed at eight US groups: women of reproductive age, racial/ethnic minority groups (African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native), Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transgender (LGBT) populations, groups with low socioeconomic status, rural/inner city residents, military/veterans, and people with mental health or medical co-morbidities. We summarized the number of articles for each population, type of tobacco, and pro-tobacco or anti-tobacco focus. Narrative summaries were organized by population and by pro-tobacco or anti-tobacco focus, with key strategies and gaps by group.RESULTSThere were more studies on pro-tobacco marketing rather than anti-tobacco campaigns, and on cigarettes rather than other tobacco products. Major gaps included studies on Asian Americans, American Indian/Alaska Natives, pregnant women, LGBT populations, and those with mental health or medical co-morbidities. Gaps related to tobacco products were found for hookah, snus, and pipe/roll-your-own tobacco in the pro-tobacco studies, and for all products except cigarettes in anti-tobacco studies. Common tobacco industry methods used were tailoring of product and package design and messages that were used to reach and appeal to different sociodemographic groups. Studies varied by research design making it difficult to compare results.CONCLUSIONSWe found major research gaps for specific groups and tobacco products. Public education campaigns need a stronger foundation in empirical studies focused on these populations. Research and practice would benefit from studies that permit comparisons across studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-tobacco marketing and anti-tobacco campaigns aimed at vulnerable populations: A review of the literature

Cruz¹,

Rose²,

Lienemann³

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These analytic differences, if replicated, might be exploited in the planning of empathy promotion interventions. In this respect, it would be worth thinking of different approaches to promote empathy as a strong social catalyst, sustaining empathic behavior in different social and work settings where it produces positive results for individuals' and societal health and wellbeing (Mathews & Collin-Vézina, 2016;Saffran, 2014;Shen, 2015). Should the results of our work be confirmed in future studies, they would provide valuable evidence for the design of educational programs for use with young children; in particular for boys (who tend to be lower in empathy than girls; Eisenberg & Fabes, 1998), to shape and enhance their empathic behavior later in life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Empathy: Possible Gender Differences in Gene-Environment Architecture for Cognitive and Emotional Components in a Large Italian Twin Sample

Toccaceli¹,

Fagnani²,

Eisenberg

et al. 2018

Twin Res Hum Genet

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Empathy plays a central role in prosocial behavior and human cooperation. Very few twin researchers have investigated innate and environmental effects in adult empathy, and twin research on gender differences in these effects is sparse. The goal of this study was to examine innate and environmental influences on three components of an empathy scale frequently used with adults - the expression of cognitive (CE), emotional (EE), and social skills (SS) empathy - and to explore gender differences in the influences. Study participants were ~1,700 twins (18-65 years) enrolled in the Italian Twin Registry. Empathy was assessed with the Italian version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ), for which the three-factor structure (i.e., CE, EE, and SS) was confirmed. Twin correlations in monozygotic and dizygotic pairs, and males and females were estimated for the total EQ and subscale scores, and univariate genetic model fitting was carried out. Women's empathy (i.e., total EQ as well as CE and EE subdimensions) was predominantly driven by genetic factors and individual experiences, whereas for males, no genetic contribution or important shared and individual environmental effects emerged. Although of large magnitude, the gender differences did not reach statistical significance. Age did not moderate empathy heritability in adulthood. Only for the SS subscale were genetic and environmental proportions of variance similar for men and women. This study suggests possible gender-specific innate and environmental influences on empathy and its cognitive and emotional components that need to be confirmed in future studies.

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“…Reactance. This was evaluated using the perceived threat to freedom scale [ 39 ] consisting of four items (e.g., “The message tried to manipulate me”; from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree; α = 0.83, M = 2.64, SD = 1.37).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrative Voice Matters! Improving Smoking Prevention with Testimonial Messages through Identification and Cognitive Processes

Perosanz

Rodríguez-Contreras

2020

IJERPH

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Narrative messages are increasingly being used in the field of tobacco prevention. Our study is based on narrative persuasion and aims to analyze the psychological mechanisms that explain why the narrative voice is relevant to promote persuasive impact. An online experiment with a 2 (narrative voice) × 2 (message) factorial design was carried out. Participants (525 adult smokers) were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions (first-person versus third-person narrative message). To increase the external validity of the study, two different messages were used within each condition. After reading the narrative message the mediating and dependent variables were evaluated. Participants who read the narrative in the first person experienced greater identification. Moreover, mediational analysis showed that both counterarguing and cognitive elaboration played a significant role in the relationship between narrative voice, identification, and persuasive impact. This study confirm that narrative voice is not only an anecdotal formal choice but that it indirectly affects variables related to tobacco prevention, due to the fact that first-person messages activate a mechanism of affective connection with the message (increasing the identification with the protagonist) that decreases resistance to prevention (the counterarguing process) while simultaneously stimulating reflection or cognitive elaboration.

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Targeting Smokers With Empathy Appeal Antismoking Public Service Announcements: A Field Experiment

Cited by 33 publications

References 52 publications

Pro-tobacco marketing and anti-tobacco campaigns aimed at vulnerable populations: A review of the literature

Pro-tobacco marketing and anti-tobacco campaigns aimed at vulnerable populations: A review of the literature

Adult Empathy: Possible Gender Differences in Gene-Environment Architecture for Cognitive and Emotional Components in a Large Italian Twin Sample

Narrative Voice Matters! Improving Smoking Prevention with Testimonial Messages through Identification and Cognitive Processes

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