Eye morphology reflects habitat demands in three closely related ground beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Bauer, Thomas; Desender, Konjev; Morwinsky, Thomas; Betz, Oliver

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00121.x

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…The increase in average relative eye size with increasing land‐use intensity is also indicative of an increase in the relative abundance of carnivorous species (Bauer et al. , Talarico et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐taxa approach shows consistent shifts in arthropod functional traits along grassland land‐use intensity gradient

Simons

Weisser

Goßner

2016

Ecology

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Intensification of land use reduces biodiversity but may also shift the trait composition of communities. Understanding how land use affects single traits and community trait composition, helps to understand why some species are more affected by land use than others. Trait‐based analyses are common for plants, but rare for arthropods. We collected literature‐based traits for nearly 1000 insect and spider species to test how land‐use intensity (including mowing, fertilization, and grazing) across 124 grasslands in three regions of Germany affects community‐weighted mean traits across taxa and in single taxa. We additionally measured morphometric traits for more than 150 Heteroptera species and tested whether the weighted mean morphometric traits change with increasing land‐use intensity. Community average body size decreased and community average dispersal ability increased from low to high land‐use intensity. Furthermore, the relative abundance of herbivores and of specialists among herbivores decreased and the relative abundance of species using the herb layer increased with increasing land‐use intensity. Community‐weighted means of the morphometric traits in Heteroptera also changed from low to high land‐use intensity toward longer and thinner shapes as well as longer appendices (legs, wings, and antenna). While changes in traits with increasing mowing and fertilization intensity were consistent with the combined land‐use intensity, community average traits did often not change or with opposite direction under increasing grazing intensity. We conclude that high land‐use intensity acts as an environmental filter selecting for on average smaller, more mobile, and less specialized species across taxa. Although trait collection across multiple arthropod taxa is laborious and needs clear trait definitions, it is essential for understanding the functional consequences of biodiversity loss due to land‐use intensification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐taxa approach shows consistent shifts in arthropod functional traits along grassland land‐use intensity gradient

Simons

Weisser

Goßner

2016

Ecology

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“…It is well known that eye size varies tremendously across taxa (Land and Fernald ; Bauer et al. ; Fernald , b; Lisney and Collin ; Land and Nilsson ). The long‐standing assumption is that observed differences in vertebrate eye size are the result of divergent patterns of ecologically driven selection (Bauer et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The long‐standing assumption is that observed differences in vertebrate eye size are the result of divergent patterns of ecologically driven selection (Bauer et al. ; Garamszegi et al. ; Fernald ; Moser et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

The evolution of vertebrate eye size across an environmental gradient: phenotype does not predict genotype in a Trinidadian killifish

2017

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Vertebrates exhibit substantial variation in eye size. Eye size correlates positively with visual capacity and behaviors that enhance fitness, such as predator avoidance. This foreshadows a connection between predation and eye size evolution. Yet, the conditions that favor evolutionary shifts in eye size, besides the well-known role for light availability, are unclear. We tested the influence of predation on the evolution of eye size in Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii. Rivulus are located across a series of communities where they coexist with visually oriented piscivores ("high predation" sites), and no predators ("Rivulus-only" sites). Wild-caught Rivulus from high predation sites generally exhibited a smaller relative eye size than communities that lack predators. Yet, such differences were inconsistent across rivers. Second-generation common garden reared fish revealed repeatable decreases in eye size in Rivulus from high predation sites. We performed additional experiments that tested the importance of light and resources on eye size evolution. Sites that differ in light or resource availability did not differ in eye size. Our results argue that differences in predator-induced mortality underlie genetically-based shifts in vertebrate eye size. We discuss the drivers of eye size evolution in light of the nonparallel trends between the phenotypic and common garden results.

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“…Across broad taxonomic scales, there are many general examples where animals that perform tasks for which excellent visual capabilities are needed have larger eyes relative to species which do not perform such tasks (Garamszegi et al ., ; Møller & Erritzøe, ). A similar pattern exists in animals that inhabit dim light environments, which have larger eyes relative to those that inhabit bright environments (Bauer et al ., ; Thomas et al ., ; Hall, ; Somanathan et al ., ; Schmitz & Wainwright, ; Veilleux & Lewis, ). Eye size differences have also been documented between populations that may have different visual needs (Protas et al ., ; Glazier & Deptola, ), although these examples are far fewer than the differences documented across species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection on incremental variation of eye size in a wild population of Daphnia

Brandon

James

Dudycha

2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Several studies of eye morphology have analysed macroevolutionary patterns in the diversity of eyes, and although these studies are often linked to environment or behaviour, they provide only indirect evidence of selection. Specific data to show the microevolutionary potential for adaptation by natural selection in eye morphology have been lacking. We document directional selection on eye size, an important determinant of visual capabilities, in a wild population of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia. We show that even slight changes in eye size may have major consequences for fitness. An increase in eye diameter of 19.9 μm - slightly more than one standard deviation - is associated with an increase in clutch size of one egg, or an increase of nearly 20% of the mean clutch size. Furthermore, relative eye size is genetically variable and thus could evolve in response to the observed selective pressure. We conclude that selection on incremental variation in eye size may have led to differences observed on broader taxonomic scales.

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Eye morphology reflects habitat demands in three closely related ground beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

Multi‐taxa approach shows consistent shifts in arthropod functional traits along grassland land‐use intensity gradient

Multi‐taxa approach shows consistent shifts in arthropod functional traits along grassland land‐use intensity gradient

The evolution of vertebrate eye size across an environmental gradient: phenotype does not predict genotype in a Trinidadian killifish

Selection on incremental variation of eye size in a wild population of Daphnia

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