Eye, head, and gaze contributions to smooth pursuit in macular degeneration

Shanidze, Natela; Velisar, Anca

doi:10.1152/jn.00001.2020

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For a visual grasping mode, instead of using stimuli that change in brightness, limiting eye-tracking data [ 28 ], moving stimuli could be used to attract a patient’s attention towards a new test area, which can occur in concomitance with self-calibration. Smooth-pursuit tasks in combination with head movements do not influence patients with both binocular and monocular visual loss more than normally sighted participants [ 44 ]. Hence, self-calibration systems that use smooth-pursuit for online visual field perimetry testing could overcome problems due to light conditions, patient fixational stability, eye physiology, and head movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-Tracking for Clinical Ophthalmology with Virtual Reality (VR): A Case Study of the HTC Vive Pro Eye’s Usability

2021

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Background: A case study is proposed to empirically test and discuss the eye-tracking status-quo hardware capabilities and limitations of an off-the-shelf virtual reality (VR) headset with embedded eye-tracking for at-home ready-to-go online usability in ophthalmology applications. Methods: The eye-tracking status-quo data quality of the HTC Vive Pro Eye is investigated with novel testing specific to objective online VR perimetry. Testing was done across a wide visual field of the head-mounted-display’s (HMD) screen and in two different moving conditions. A new automatic and low-cost Raspberry Pi system is introduced for VR temporal precision testing for assessing the usability of the HTC Vive Pro Eye as an online assistance tool for visual loss. Results: The target position on the screen and head movement evidenced limitations of the eye-tracker capabilities as a perimetry assessment tool. Temporal precision testing showed the system’s latency of 58.1 milliseconds (ms), evidencing its good potential usage as a ready-to-go online assistance tool for visual loss. Conclusions: The test of the eye-tracking data quality provides novel analysis useful for testing upcoming VR headsets with embedded eye-tracking and opens discussion regarding expanding future introduction of these HMDs into patients’ homes for low-vision clinical usability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-Tracking for Clinical Ophthalmology with Virtual Reality (VR): A Case Study of the HTC Vive Pro Eye’s Usability

2021

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“…The eye tracker can then collect the user's eye images corresponding to these target points and estimate the kappa angle. However, the same procedure might not work for low vision users [66]. For example, some low vision people's visual acuity might be too low to see the calibration targets clearly [46], leading to inaccurate calibration results; some may have irregular eye appearance that prevents pupil recognition (e.g., Coloboma [48]).…”

Section: How Does Eye Tracker Work?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding How Low Vision People Read Using Eye Tracking

Wang

Zeng

Zhang

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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While being able to read with screen magnifiers, low vision people have slow and unpleasant reading experiences. Eye tracking has the potential to improve their experience by recognizing fine-grained gaze behaviors and providing more targeted enhancements. To inspire gaze-based low vision technology, we investigate the suitable method to collect low vision users' gaze data via commercial eye trackers and thoroughly explore their challenges in reading based on their gaze behaviors. With an improved calibration interface, we collected the gaze data of 20 low vision participants and 20 sighted controls who performed reading tasks on a computer screen; low vision participants were also asked to read with different screen magnifiers. We found that, with an accessible calibration interface and data collection method, commercial eye trackers can collect gaze data of comparable quality from low vision and sighted people. Our study identified low vision people's unique gaze patterns during reading, building upon which, we propose design implications for gaze-based low vision technology. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in accessibility; Accessibility systems and tools.

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“…Pursuit target velocities ranged from 5 to 30°per second. Pursuit targets differed in size, 1°2 1,39,41 or 0.5°4 2 ; color, white 21,39,41 or red 42 ; and shape, type of dot (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Description Of the Paradigm(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macular Degeneration Smooth pursuit is impaired in people with macular degeneration. 21,39,41 The pursuit strategies adopted by individuals with macular degeneration showed high variability due to differences in scotoma(s), characteristics, and variations in the binocular overlap of the scotomas. 34 For those with overlapping scotomas, smooth pursuit gain was influenced by the direction of the target relative to the scotoma-whether it moved toward and into the scotoma or started in and moved away from the scotoma.…”

Section: Effects Of Vision Impairment On Smooth Pursuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the potential complications when tracking the eyes of individuals with vision impairment, it seems, based on recent publications, [19][20][21] that eye tracking is increasingly being used to evaluate functional vision in the presence of vision impairment. Recent studies have, for instance, reported delayed saccadic latencies in individuals with glaucoma, 13 diminished fixation stability in amblyopic individuals, 20 and reduced performance in pursuing a moving stimulus in those with macular degeneration, 21 when compared with healthy control participants. However, it may be that those studies are evaluating only a subset of people with vision impairment by focusing on those with ocular conditions that are less likely to impact the quality of eye tracking.…”

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Eye Tracking to Assess the Functional Consequences of Vision Impairment: A Systematic Review

Nieboer,

Ghiani,

de Vries

et al. 2023

Optom Vis Sci

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BACKGROUND Eye tracking is a promising method for objectively assessing functional visual capabilities, but its suitability remains unclear when assessing the vision of people with vision impairment. In particular, accurate eye tracking typically relies on a stable and reliable image of the pupil and cornea, which may be compromised by abnormalities associated with vision impairment (e.g., nystagmus, aniridia). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to establish the degree to which video-based eye tracking can be used to assess visual function in the presence of vision impairment. DATA SOURCES A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, encompassing literature from inception to July 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS Studies included in the review used video-based eye tracking, included individuals with vision impairment, and used screen-based tasks unrelated to practiced skills such as reading or driving. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS The included studies were assessed for quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology assessment tool. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that five common tests of visual function were used: (i) fixation stability, (ii) smooth pursuit, (iii) saccades, (iv) free viewing, and (v) visual search. The studies reported considerable success when testing individuals with vision impairment, yielding usable data from 96.5% of participants. LIMITATIONS There was an overrepresentation of conditions affecting the optic nerve or macula and an underrepresentation of conditions affecting the anterior segment or peripheral retina. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS The results offer promise for the use of eye tracking to assess the visual function of a considerable proportion of those with vision impairment. Based on the findings, we outline a framework for how eye tracking can be used to test visual function in the presence of vision impairment.

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Eye, head, and gaze contributions to smooth pursuit in macular degeneration

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Eye-Tracking for Clinical Ophthalmology with Virtual Reality (VR): A Case Study of the HTC Vive Pro Eye’s Usability

Eye-Tracking for Clinical Ophthalmology with Virtual Reality (VR): A Case Study of the HTC Vive Pro Eye’s Usability

Understanding How Low Vision People Read Using Eye Tracking

Eye Tracking to Assess the Functional Consequences of Vision Impairment: A Systematic Review

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