Eye Gaze Analyses in L1 and L2 Conversations

Ijuin, Koki; Taguchi, Keiko; Umata, Ichiro; Yamamoto, Seiichi

doi:10.1145/2666242.2666244

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The pair PGD-DGP shows a good indicator of successfully engaging the patients in the conversation even though the majority of the visits were not conducted in English. Another explanation could be that Spanish is not the first language for most of the participating physicians and that is why they tend to follow patients’ eye gaze [ 21 ]. The sequential pair PGT-DGT did not show any significant relationship and had a very negligible association (0.06).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eye gaze becomes particularly crucial in situations where speakers and listeners speak different languages. In such cases, listeners rely on the speakers’ eye gaze to enhance their understanding during the interaction [ 21 ]. One study focused on conversation patterns and physician gaze shifts between patients and computer screens and evaluated patients’ responses when the physician gaze shifted toward the computer [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Eye Gaze Dynamics During Physician-Patient-Computer Interaction in Federally Qualified Health Centers: Systematic Analysis

Almansour¹,

Montague²,

Furst³

et al. 2023

JMIR Hum Factors

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Background Understanding the communication between physicians and patients can identify areas where they can improve and build stronger relationships. This led to better patient outcomes including increased engagement, enhanced adherence to treatment plan, and a boost in trust. Objective This study investigates eye gaze directions of physicians, patients, and computers in naturalistic medical encounters at Federally Qualified Health Centers to understand communication patterns given different patients’ diverse backgrounds. The aim is to support the building and designing of health information technologies, which will facilitate the improvement of patient outcomes. Methods Data were obtained from 77 videotaped medical encounters in 2014 from 3 Federally Qualified Health Centers in Chicago, Illinois, that included 11 physicians and 77 patients. Self-reported surveys were collected from physicians and patients. A systematic analysis approach was used to thoroughly examine and analyze the data. The dynamics of eye gazes during interactions between physicians, patients, and computers were evaluated using the lag sequential analysis method. The objective of the study was to identify significant behavior patterns from the 6 predefined patterns initiated by both physicians and patients. The association between eye gaze patterns was examined using the Pearson chi-square test and the Yule Q test. Results The results of the lag sequential method showed that 3 out of 6 doctor-initiated gaze patterns were followed by patient-response gaze patterns. Moreover, 4 out of 6 patient-initiated patterns were significantly followed by doctor-response gaze patterns. Unlike the findings in previous studies, doctor-initiated eye gaze behavior patterns were not leading patients’ eye gaze. Moreover, patient-initiated eye gaze behavior patterns were significant in certain circumstances, particularly when interacting with physicians. Conclusions This study examined several physician-patient-computer interaction patterns in naturalistic settings using lag sequential analysis. The data indicated a significant influence of the patients’ gazes on physicians. The findings revealed that physicians demonstrated a higher tendency to engage with patients by reciprocating the patient’s eye gaze when the patient looked at them. However, the reverse pattern was not observed, suggesting a lack of reciprocal gaze from patients toward physicians and a tendency to not direct their gaze toward a specific object. Furthermore, patients exhibited a preference for the computer when physicians directed their eye gaze toward it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Eye Gaze Dynamics During Physician-Patient-Computer Interaction in Federally Qualified Health Centers: Systematic Analysis

Almansour¹,

Montague²,

Furst³

et al. 2023

JMIR Hum Factors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Eye Gaze Analyses in L1 and L2 Conversations: Difference in Interaction Structures

Ijuin

Horiuchi

Umata

et al. 2015

Text, Speech, and Dialogue

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Evaluation of Eye Gaze Dynamics During Physician-Patient-Computer Interaction in Federally Qualified Health Centers: Systematic Analysis (Preprint)

Almansour¹,

Montague²,

Furst³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Nonverbal communication between physicians and patients provides indications of engagement to patients/physicians, establishes a good rapport, and increases trust. OBJECTIVE This study examines eye gaze directions between physicians, patients and computers in naturalistic medical encounters in minority serving clinics to understand the communication patterns given different racial/ethnic backgrounds. METHODS The lag sequential analysis method quantitively measures physician-patient-computer interactions to support building and designing health information technologies and facilitate assisting patients’ outcomes. Data came from 77-videotaped medical encounters, that included 11 physicians and 77 patients, from three Federally Qualified Health Center in Chicago, Illinois. RESULTS The results of the lag sequential method showed that three out of six doctor-initiated gaze patterns were followed by patient-response gaze patterns. In addition, four out of six patient-initiated patterns were significantly followed by doctor-response gaze patterns. CONCLUSIONS This study examined several physician-patient-computer interaction patterns in minority serving clinics. Unlike the findings in previous studies, doctor-initiated eye gaze behavior patterns were not leading patients eye gaze. This study showed that doctors tended to engage more with patients and shared the computer with them. In addition, patient-initiated eye gaze behavior patterns were significant in certain circumstances, particularly when interacting with physicians.

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Eye Gaze Analyses in L1 and L2 Conversations

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of Eye Gaze Dynamics During Physician-Patient-Computer Interaction in Federally Qualified Health Centers: Systematic Analysis

Evaluation of Eye Gaze Dynamics During Physician-Patient-Computer Interaction in Federally Qualified Health Centers: Systematic Analysis

Eye Gaze Analyses in L1 and L2 Conversations: Difference in Interaction Structures

Evaluation of Eye Gaze Dynamics During Physician-Patient-Computer Interaction in Federally Qualified Health Centers: Systematic Analysis (Preprint)

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