Extrusion Compounding Process for the Development of Eco-Friendly SCG/PP Composite Pellets

Sohn, Joo Seong; Ryu, Youngjae; Yun, Chang-Seok; Zhu, Kun Yan; Woon, Sung

doi:10.3390/su11061720

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Many studies have investigated the pellet of coffee grounds and some have found slightly lower heating values (18.8 MJ/kg 50 , 19.6 MJ/kg 51 ) than that reported in this study while other report much higher heating values (23.4 MJ/kg 7 , 25.7 MJ/kg 52 ). Other studies have verified the pelletizing process through mixtures with other types of waste 53 or materials 54 , 55 , or with different percentages of moisture. Still others have modified other parameters such as die height, Lisowski et al (2019) 56 and have verified how the moisture of the matrix can be determined in the pelletizing process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spent coffee ground characterization, pelletization test and emissions assessment in the combustion process

Colantoni

Paris²,

Bianchini

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Industrial development and increased energy requirements have led to high consumption of fossil fuels. Thus, environmental pollution has become a profound problem. Every year, a large amount of agro-industrial, municipal and forest residues are treated as waste, but they can be recovered and used to produce thermal and electrical energy through biological or thermochemical conversion processes. Among the main types of agro-industrial waste, soluble coffee residues represent a significant quantity all over the world. Silver skin and spent coffee grounds (SCG) are the main residues of the coffee industry. The many organic compounds contained in coffee residues suggest that their recovery and use could be very beneficial. Indeed, thanks to their composition, they can be used in the production of biodiesel, as a source of sugar, as a precursor for the creation of active carbon or as a sorbent for the removal of metals. After a careful evaluation of the possible uses of coffee grounds, the aim of this research was to show a broad characterization of coffee waste for energy purposes through physical and chemical analyses that highlight the most significant quality indexes, the interactions between them and the quantification of their importance. Results identify important tools for the qualification and quantification of the effects of coffee waste properties on energy production processes. They show that (SCG) are an excellent raw material as biomass, with excellent values in terms of calorific value and low ash content, allowing the production of 98% coffee pellets that are highly suitable for use in thermal conversion systems. Combustion tests were also carried out in an 80kWth boiler and the resulting emissions without any type of abatement filter were characterized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spent coffee ground characterization, pelletization test and emissions assessment in the combustion process

Colantoni

Paris²,

Bianchini

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Prior to the Izod impact test (Type A), V-shaped notches were made by using NOTCHVIS (CEAST) for the five replicate specimens of each sample having the dimensions of 70 mm × 15 mm × 3 mm as per the ASTM D256 (2010) standard [46,47] through Gotech GT-7045-MD (Taichung City, Taiwan). The notch angle had a 45° radius and the notch depth was 2.5 mm.…”

Section: Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Mechanical, Physical, and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Different Date Palm Fillers

et al. 2019

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The present study deals with the fabrication of epoxy composites reinforced with 50 wt% of date palm leaf sheath (G), palm tree trunk (L), fruit bunch stalk (AA), and leaf stalk (A) as filler by the hand lay-up technique. The developed composites were characterized and compared in terms of mechanical, physical and morphological properties. Mechanical tests revealed that the addition of AA improves tensile (20.60–40.12 MPa), impact strength (45.71–99.45 J/m), flexural strength (32.11–110.16 MPa) and density (1.13–1.90 g/cm3). The water absorption and thickness swelling values observed in this study were higher for AA/epoxy composite, revealing its higher cellulosic content, compared to the other composite materials. The examination of fiber pull-out, matrix cracks, and fiber dislocations in the microstructure and fractured surface morphology of the developed materials confirmed the trends for mechanical properties. Overall, from results analysis it can be concluded that reinforcing epoxy matrix with AA filler effectively improves the properties of the developed composite materials. Thus, date palm fruit bunch stalk filler might be considered as a sustainable and green promising reinforcing material similarly to other natural fibers and can be used for diverse commercial, structural, and nonstructural applications requiring high mechanical resistance.

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“…The authors conclude that SCG must have a surface treatment in order to improve the interfacial adhesion with the matrix and to improve the tensile strength for future works. These composites, based on SCG and PP homopolymer, could be used as substitutes for virgin PP in some applications, where the impact strength and the sustainable principles are needed [ 16 ].…”

Section: Scg Polymer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The residues of SCG can be directly used as fillers in composites (mainly polymer matrices), or after chemical modifications (the extraction of the molecules of interest). Typical examples of polymer matrices are synthetic polymers, such as polyurethane [ 15 ] and polypropylene [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], or biopolymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA) [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The resulting materials have been proposed for various applications, such as for packaging (mostly food), disposable products (single-use products/composting), and 3D printing [ 15 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as Precursors for Biopolymers and Composite Production

et al. 2022

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Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a current subject in many works since coffee is the second most consumed beverage worldwide; however, coffee generates a high amount of waste (SCG) and can cause environmental problems if not discarded properly. Therefore, several studies on SCG valorization have been published, highlighting its waste as a valuable resource for different applications, such as biofuel, energy, biopolymer precursors, and composite production. This review provides an overview of the works using SCG as biopolymer precursors and for polymer composite production. SCG are rich in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and minerals. In particular, carbohydrates (polysaccharides) can be extracted and fermented to synthesize lactic acid, succinic acid, or polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). On the other hand, it is possible to extract the coffee oil and to synthesize PHA from lipids. Moreover, SCG have been successfully used as a filler for composite production using different polymer matrices. The results show the reasonable mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of SCG to support their applications, from food packaging to the automotive industry.

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Extrusion Compounding Process for the Development of Eco-Friendly SCG/PP Composite Pellets

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Spent coffee ground characterization, pelletization test and emissions assessment in the combustion process

Spent coffee ground characterization, pelletization test and emissions assessment in the combustion process

Evaluation of Mechanical, Physical, and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Different Date Palm Fillers

Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as Precursors for Biopolymers and Composite Production

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