Extruded soybean meal increased feed intake and milk production in dairy cows

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of 2 extruded soybean meals (ESBM) processed at 2 extruder temperatures, 149°C (LTM) and 171°C (HTM), on performance, nutrient digestibility, milk fatty acid and plasma amino acid profiles, and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were included in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design experiment with three 28-d periods. The control diet contained 13% solvent-extracted soybean meal (SSBM; 53.5% crude protein with 74.1% ruminal degradability and 1.8% fat), which was replaced with equivalent amount (dry matter basis) of LTM (46.8%, 59.8%, and 10.0%) or HTM (46.9%, 41.1%, and 10.9%, respectively) ESBM in the 2 experimental diets (LTM and HTM, respectively). The diets met or exceeded the nutrient requirements of the cows for net energy of lactation and metabolizable protein. The 2 ESBM diets increased dry matter intake and milk yield compared with SSBM. Feed efficiency and milk composition were not affected by treatment. Milk protein yield tended to be increased by ESBM compared with SSBM. Milk urea N and urinary urea N excretions were increased by the ESBM diets compared with SSBM. Concentration of fatty acids with chain length of up to C17 and total saturated fatty acids in milk fat were generally decreased and that of C18 and total mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids was increased by the ESBM diets compared with SSBM. Blood plasma concentrations of His, Leu, and Val were increased by HTM compared with LTM and SSBM. Plasma concentration of Met was decreased, whereas that of carnosine was increased by the ESBM diets. Treatments had no effect on rumen fermentation, but the proportion of Fibrobacter spp. in whole ruminal contents was increased by HTM compared with SSBM and LTM. Overall, data from this crossover experiment suggest that substituting SSBM with ESBM in the diet has a positive effect on feed intake and milk yield in dairy cows.

Different levels of supplied energy for lactating cows affect physicochemical attributes of milk

“…Feeding systems supplying similar energy levels as those described in the present study are characterised by an inverse association between stocking rate, milk yield and lactose content, but only under assumption that the low stocking rate allows to increase energy intake through selection of the highly digestible plants (McCarthy et al, 2013). However, the increase in the energy supply does not always affect milk physicochemical composition (Giallongo et al, 2015), and this relation is dependent on the original energy level, productive potential of cow, lactation stage and net increment of supplied energy (Benchaar et al, 2014;Boerman et al, 2015;Broderick et al, 2015).…”

Effects of rumen-protected methionine, lysine, and histidine on lactation performance of dairy cows

“…To a lesser extent, the lower dietary RDP concentration with the MPD diet may have also decreased rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation of C18-fatty acids, and consequently trans-11 18:1, and CLA concentrations in milk fat (Gerson et al, 1983;Gressley and Armentano, 2007). Comparable alterations in milk fatty acid composition have been reported in cows fed diets with decreasing levels of oil from heat-treated soybean products (Peterson et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2011a;Giallongo et al, 2015b).…”

Invited review: Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques

“…The main criticism of the enzymatic approach is that it cannot represent the spectrum of proteolytic activities found in the rumen. Nevertheless, the method may be sufficiently accurate for comparative purposes and to evaluate treatment effects on rumen degradability of common proteinous feeds, such as soybean meal (Giallongo et al, 2015b), or more generally concentrate feeds (Aufrère and Cartailler, 1988used by INRA, 2007, but it cannot provide accurate absolute values for protein degradability.…”