Extremely Accessible Potassium Nitrate (KNO₃) as the Highly Efficient Electrolyte Additive in Lithium Battery

Abstract

The systematic investigation of RNO3 salts (R = Li, Na, K, and Cs) as electrolyte additives was carried out for lithium-battery systems. For the first time, the abundant and extremely available KNO3 was proved to be an excellent alternative of LiNO3 for suppression of the lithium dendrites. The reason was ascribed to the possible synergetic effect of K(+) and NO3(-) ions: The positively charged K(+) ion could surround the lithium dendrites by electrostatic attraction and then delay their further growth, while simultaneously the oxidative NO3(-) ion could be reduced and subsequently profitable to the reinforcement of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). By adding KNO3 into the practical Li-S battery, the discharging capacity was enhanced to average 687 mAh g(-1) from the case without KNO3 (528 mAh g(-1)) during 100 cycles, which was comparable to the one with the well-known LiNO3 additive (637 mAh g(-1)) under the same conditions.

Highly Stable and High Rate‐Performance Na‐Ion Batteries Using Polyanionic Anthraquinone as the Organic Cathode

“…[2a] In the initial test of the battery performance of Na 2 AQ26DS,t he electrolyte system of 1 m NaPF 6 in EC/DEC (volumeratio of 1:1) was used, since similar electrolyte systems have been widely used in Na-ionb atteries. [18] Unfortunately,t he battery performancew as even worse (Figure S1 a). Afterwards, we tested anothere lectrolyte system of 1 m NaPF 6 in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), as DME and DOL are widely used in LiÀSbatteries.…”

“…Afterwards, we tested anothere lectrolyte system of 1 m NaPF 6 in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), as DME and DOL are widely used in LiÀSbatteries. [18] Unfortunately,t he battery performancew as even worse (Figure S1 a). De-tailed reasons for the failure in these electrolyte systemsa re beyondt he scope of this paper.…”

Electrolyte Additives for Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries: Progress and Perspectives

“…[98] Thus,C s + and Rb + were coated around the growing Li dendrites,t hereby slowing down their further growth. Based on this initial concept, Jia et al [94] proposed the use of KNO 3 as an additive with the intention of exploiting the synergistic effect of both the K + and NO 3 À ions.ALi-Cu system with KNO 3 used as an additive to the electrolyte 1m LiTFSI/DOL-DME showed ahigh coulombic efficiency of about 97 %after 100 cycles.T he corresponding Li-S cell exhibited comparable discharging capacity after 100 cycles (average 687 mAh g À1 )as the analogous cell with LiNO 3 (637 mAh g À1 )after 100 cycles.…”

Key Aspects of Lithium Metal Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

“…[9,10,142] Interestingly, under optimized concentrations, Li polysulfides and LiNO 3 have been found to function as additives in an ether-based electrolyte and have helped to achieve a more stable and uniform SEI layer on the Li surface than LiNO 3 alone (Figure 12c,d). [143] Besides LiNO 3 , Jia et al [144] used KNO 3 as an electrolyte additive to protect the Li anode due to its synergistic effect of controlling dendrite growth through the shielding effect of K + and increasing the functionality of the SEI by the incorporation of NO − 3 . A KNO 3 additive to the LiTFSI-DOL/DME electrolyte system was demonstrated to deliver a high Coulombic efficiency of 97% after 100 cycles in a Li-Cu cell, whereas a Li-S battery using a KNO 3 additive was able to achieve an average capacity of 637 mAh g −1 during 100 cycles.…”