Extreme weather events: Should drinking water quality management systems adapt to changing risk profiles?

Khan, Stuart J.; Deere, Daniel; Leusch, Frédéric D.L.; Humpage, Andrew R.; Jenkins, Madeleine; Cunliffe, David

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.018

Cited by 194 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…In 2013, there were nearly 1.8 million deaths mainly with diarrhea and cholera due to inadequate sanitation and hygiene [4]. Worldwide, diarrhea ranks second after respiratory infections and causes incidence of 4,600 million episodes, and 2.2 million deaths every year, which 15% was under-5 years mortality [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and safety of municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Wolde

Jemal²,

Woldearegay

et al. 2020

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background:In low resourced countries, water-associated diseases have still impact on public health. Poor quality of water can cause waterborne diseases through bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that has been responsible for millions of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess quality and safety of public municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study design that used quantitative approach was carried out at Addis Ababa City Administration from June 2016 to October 2016. Pre-tested and standardized aseptic sample collection technique was utilized to collect a total of 2976 samples (2951 water samples for bacteriological analysis by Presence-Absence (P-A) culturing method and 25 samples for parasites identification through direct microscopy examination). Descriptive data were summarized and cleaned by the SPSS version 20 software and presented in table and graph. Results: The study revealed that 10%, 7% and 3% were positive for bacteriological, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms respectively through Presence-Absence Broth test. The bacterial distribution trends from 1st to 13th weeks of wet season were slight increment of total coliforms and slight decrement for fecal coliforms. All tested for parasitological samples from selected reservoirs were free from parasitological species. Conclusion: This study reflects that there were positive for bacterial, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms during the study period. It needs continuous screening and treating water sources to utmost important for prevention and control waterborne disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and safety of municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Wolde

Jemal²,

Woldearegay

et al. 2020

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…While these studies documented pollutants in natural water bodies as a result of the hurricane, it is the subsequent impact of such pollutants in PWS that is of the utmost importance to human health. However, outside of the efforts from Water Research Australia [11][12][13][14], little work has explored the impacts of extreme weather events on PWS performance during and after such events. Therefore, a more thorough understanding of drinking water quality following extreme weather events is necessary to expedite recovery efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Hurricane Harvey on drinking water quality in two Texas cities

Landsman

Rowles

Brodfuehrer

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Hurricane Harvey devastated large parts of the US Gulf Coast in 2017, and its floodwaters posed a number of threats to the environment and human health. In particular, an estimated 375 000 Texas residents experienced issues related to the provision of safe drinking water at the peak of the hurricane. In this study, physical, chemical, and biological water quality was monitored in two drinking water systems in Texas following Hurricane Harvey to understand the relationship between water quality parameters and changes in the drinking water microbiota. Results show initial surges in total organic carbon, trihalomethanes, and bacterial concentrations in finished water immediately following Hurricane Harvey. Microbial community analyses highlight the dependence of the distribution system microbiota on distribution system characteristics (i.e. water age), raw water quality, and disinfectant residual, among other factors. While both systems had problems maintaining disinfectant residual in the weeks following the hurricane, stabilization of water quality occurred over time.Overall, this study provides an understanding of the challenges associated with maintaining drinking water quality in the wake of a natural disaster and can be used to better prepare drinking water managers and engineers to combat changing weather patterns in the future.

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“…Indeed, under global forecasts, some parts of the globe will experience increased frequency and intensity of rainfall [3] with increasing difficulties to limit storm impacts, such as flooding or increased run-off [4,5]. These events are associated with elevated turbidity [6–8] and dissolved organic matter in water sources [9], which can overwhelm treatment plans [10]. Indeed, extreme rainfall regimes are likely to be associated with drinking water contaminations [6,10], and this is predicted to be worsened by climate change [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These events are associated with elevated turbidity [6–8] and dissolved organic matter in water sources [9], which can overwhelm treatment plans [10]. Indeed, extreme rainfall regimes are likely to be associated with drinking water contaminations [6,10], and this is predicted to be worsened by climate change [11]. Contaminated water is the main factor of diarrhea in children, and it is evident that an integrated approach to improving water supply will have an impact on the health of the population [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of rainfall on drinking water quality in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Bastaraud

Perthame

Rakotondramanga

et al. 2019

Preprint

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21Low-income cities that are subject to high population pressure and vulnerable to 22 climate events often have a low capacity to continuously deliver safe drinking water. Here 23 we report the findings of a 32-year investigation of the temporal dynamics of indicators of 24 drinking water quality in the city of Antananarivo, where we assess the long-term evolution 25 of supplied water quality and characterize the interactions between climate conditions and 26 the full-scale supply system. A total of 25,467 water samples were collected every week 27 at different points in the supplied drinking water system. Samples were analyzed for total 28 coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli (EC), intestinal Enterococci (IE), and spores of Clostridia 29(SSRC). Nine-hundred-eighty-one samples that were identified as positive for one or more 30 indicators were unevenly distributed across the series. The breakpoint method identified 31 four periods when the time series displayed changes in the level and profile of 32 contamination (i) and the monthly pattern of contamination (ii), with more direct effects of 33 rainfall on the quality of supplied drinking water. The modeling showed significantly 34 different lags among indicators of bacteria occurrence after cumulative rainfall, which 35 range from 4 to 8 weeks. Among the effects of low-income urbanization, a rapid 36 demographic transition and urban watershed degradation are progressively affecting the 37 quality of supplied water and resulting in the more direct effects of rainfall events. of 3438 Introduction 39A poor capacity to provide safe drinking water, regardless of weather conditions, is of 40 growing concern in low-income areas vulnerable to climate change [1,2]. Indeed, under 41 global forecasts, some parts of the globe will experience increased frequency and intensity 42 of rainfall [3] with increasing difficulties to limit storm impacts, such as flooding or increased 43 run-off [4,5]. These events are associated with elevated turbidity [6-8] and dissolved 44 organic matter in water sources [9], which can overwhelm treatment plans [10]. Indeed, 45 extreme rainfall regimes are likely to be associated with drinking water contaminations 46 [6,10], and this is predicted to be worsened by climate change [11]. Contaminated water is 47 the main factor of diarrhea in children, and it is evident that an integrated approach to 48 improving water supply will have an impact on the health of the population [12]. 49However, the relationship between rainfall patterns and water microbial quality is 50 complex, involving an interplay between the type of water supply, the type of water source, 51 and the treatment technology applied to water [13]. Also, susceptibility to climate change 52 is reinforced by rapid and unplanned urbanization, poor sanitation, erosion, and low level 53 of maintenance of the supply network [14]. Thus, the nature and the depth of the link 54 between rainfall and water quality is not expected to be stationary. Rather, these should 55 vary with the infrastructure a...

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Extreme weather events: Should drinking water quality management systems adapt to changing risk profiles?

Cited by 194 publications

References 151 publications

Quality and safety of municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Quality and safety of municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Impacts of Hurricane Harvey on drinking water quality in two Texas cities

The impact of rainfall on drinking water quality in Antananarivo, Madagascar

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