Background:In low resourced countries, water-associated diseases have still impact on public health. Poor quality of water can cause waterborne diseases through bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that has been responsible for millions of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess quality and safety of public municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study design that used quantitative approach was carried out at Addis Ababa City Administration from June 2016 to October 2016. Pre-tested and standardized aseptic sample collection technique was utilized to collect a total of 2976 samples (2951 water samples for bacteriological analysis by Presence-Absence (P-A) culturing method and 25 samples for parasites identification through direct microscopy examination). Descriptive data were summarized and cleaned by the SPSS version 20 software and presented in table and graph. Results: The study revealed that 10%, 7% and 3% were positive for bacteriological, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms respectively through Presence-Absence Broth test. The bacterial distribution trends from 1st to 13th weeks of wet season were slight increment of total coliforms and slight decrement for fecal coliforms. All tested for parasitological samples from selected reservoirs were free from parasitological species. Conclusion: This study reflects that there were positive for bacterial, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms during the study period. It needs continuous screening and treating water sources to utmost important for prevention and control waterborne disease.

Background: Water of poor quality can cause water borne diseases by bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasites. It has been frequently described responsible for millions morbidity and mortality. Therefore, quality and safety status of municipal drinking water of Addis Ababa should be regularly monitored in sustainable manner.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological and parasitological quality and safety status of treated and non-treated municipal drinking water sources in Addis Ababa city.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out on drinking water sources such as public taps, reservoirs, springs and wells managed by Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority (AAWSA). 125ml drinking water of each 2951 samples were collected from all water sources and analyzed for bacteriological by Presence/ Absence (P-A) culturing method and 11L drinking water of each were collected from 25 selected reservoirs for parasites identification by direct microscopy.Results: This study revealed that there were 10% of all samples were positive for bacteriological parameters done by presence-absence method. Consequently, 7% and 3% were positive for total coli forms and faecal coli forms respectively. On the other hand, all parasitological tested samples from selected reservoirs were free from intestinal parasites.Conclusion: It was concluded that most Addis Ababa city drinking water sources had acceptable quality and were safe to drink. Samples were contaminated with fecal coli forms & total coli forms during the study period. It needs continuous screening and treating water sources to utmost important for prevention and control of infectious diseases caused by water transmitted pathogens.

Background: Helminthes are known as parasitic worms (1). Helminthes of medically important are belonging to two phyla: the Platy helminths as flat worms and Nematy helminths or round worms. Platy helminths are further subdivided into Cestodes and Trematodes (2). According to some literatures, parasitic worms are categorized into three groups: Cestodes, nematodes, and Trematodes (1). In this study, the prevalence of intestinal and soil transmitted helminths among primary school children were assessed by two stool examination methods namely: wet mount and Kato-Katz thick smear techniques. for the diagnosis of intestinal helminths were compared to detect human intestinal helminths. Objective: To assess the prevalence of intestinal and soil transmitted helminths among primary school children in Badessa woreda, west Hararghe zone, Oromia region, eastern Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted for the study then four primary schools were selected by lottery method from 11 primary schools. Finally, 200 primary school children had given a stool specimen for wet mount and Kato-Katz methods so that two types of stool specimens were collected from school children aged 6 to 16 from four primary schools randomly selected in Badessa woreda, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. Each specimen was smeared on one slide for every technique with normal saline for wet mount and a cellophane cover for Kato-Katz technique. The overall prevalence of the parasites in each school of the woreda was determined. Result: The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides (19.5%), Eterobius vermicularis (13%) and Hookworm (49%) was high in schools 1, 2 and 4. The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni (38%) high in school 3 (Table 3). Finally, Kato-Katz technique had played more role and was more effective and sensitive than the stool wet mount technique in order to find the result. Conclusion: Intestinal and soil transmitted helminths were significantly detected especially from carriers and non-symptomatic children. Kato-Katz technique was more selective and sensitive than wet mount method.

Background In this study the efficiency and sensitivity of stool wet mount and Kato-Katz smear techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal helminthes were compared in order to detect the human intestinal helminths. Objective To assess the Sensitivity and Specificity between stool wet mount and Kato-Katz Techniques Methodology : A total of 200 stool specimens were collected from school children aged 6 to 16 from four primary schools randomly selected in Badessa woreda, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. Each specimen was smeared on one slide for every technique with a normal saline for wet mount and a cellophane cover for Kato-Katz technique. The overall prevalence of the parasites in each school of the Woreda was determined. Result The overall sensitivity of both techniques was calculated. Finally the evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity of both techniques was interpreted as Kato-Katz technique is more effective and sensitive than stool wet mount technique. Conclusion To detect the intestinal helminths especially from carriers and non-symptomatic patients Kato-Katz technique is the selective and sensitive method.

BackgroundIn this prevalence study, the efficiency and sensitivity of stool wet mount and Kato-Katz smear techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal helminthes were compared to detect human intestinal helminths.ObjectiveTo assess the sensitivity and specificity between stool wet mount and Kato-Katz TechniquesMethodologyA total of 200 stool specimens were collected from school children aged 6 to 16 from four primary schools randomly selected in Badessa woreda, west Hararghe zone, eastern Ethiopia. Each specimen was smeared on one slide for every technique with normal saline for wet mount and a cellophane cover for Kato-Katz technique. The overall prevalence of the parasites in each school of the woreda was determined.ResultThe overall sensitivity of both techniques was calculated. Finally, the evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of both techniques was interpreted as Kato-Katz technique is more effective and sensitive than the stool wet mount technique.ConclusionTo detect intestinal helminths especially from carriers and non-symptomatic patients Kato-Katz technique is a selective and sensitive method.