Extreme water velocities: Topographical amplification of wave‐induced flow in the surf zone of rocky shores

Denny, Mark W.; Miller, Luke P.; Stokes, M. Dale; Hunt, Luke J. H.; Helmuth, Brian

doi:10.4319/lo.2003.48.1.0001

Cited by 67 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Subtidal marine macroalgae experience a water velocity on the order of magnitude of 1 m s −1 (Carrington, 1990), while intertidal species can experience breaking waves of up to 25 m s −1 (Denny et al, 2003). A is the algal planform area; and C d the drag coefficient (dimensionless index of shape change and reconfiguration of flexible fronds; Carrington, 1990;Dudgeon and Johnson, 1992;Gaylord et al, 1994).…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and limitations of finite element modelling in assessing structural integrity of coralline algae under future global change

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Coralline algae are important habitat formers found on all rocky shores. While the impact of future ocean acidification on the physiological performance of the species has been well studied, little research has focused on potential changes in structural integrity in response to climate change. A previous study using 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) suggested increased vulnerability to fracture (by wave action or boring) in algae grown under high CO 2 conditions. To assess how realistically 2-D simplified models represent structural performance, a series of increasingly biologically accurate 3-D FE models that represent different aspects of coralline algal growth were developed. Simplified geometric 3-D models of the genus Lithothamnion were compared to models created from computed tomography (CT) scan data of the same genus. The biologically accurate model and the simplified geometric model representing individual cells had similar average stresses and stress distributions, emphasising the importance of the cell walls in dissipating the stress throughout the structure. In contrast models without the accurate representation of the cell geometry resulted in larger stress and strain results. Our more complex 3-D model reiterated the potential of climate change to diminish the structural integrity of the organism. This suggests that under future environmental conditions the weakening of the coralline algal skeleton along with increased external pressures (wave and bioerosion) may negatively influence the ability for coralline algae to maintain a habitat able to sustain high levels of biodiversity.

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Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and limitations of finite element modelling in assessing structural integrity of coralline algae under future global change

et al. 2015

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“…Breaking waves can generate water velocities greater than 20·m·s -1 (e.g. Denny et al, 2003;O'Donnell, 2005) and impose considerable forces on intertidal inhabitants . Moreover, sessile organisms, such as marine macroalgae, cannot seek shelter when environmental conditions worsen; they must endure wave impacts wherever they settle and grow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size, strength and allometry of joints in the articulated corallineCalliarthron

Martone

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Articulated coralline algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) dominate low-intertidal, wave-exposed habitats around the world, yet the mechanics of this diverse group of organisms has been almost completely unexplored. In contrast to fleshy seaweeds, articulated corallines consist of calcified segments (intergenicula) separated by uncalcified joints (genicula). This jointed construction makes calcified fronds as flexible as fleshy seaweeds,allowing them to `go with the flow' when struck by breaking waves. In addition to functioning as joints, genicula act as breakage points along articulated fronds. Here, I describe the allometric scaling of geniculum size, breaking force and tissue strength along articulated fronds in two species of Calliarthron. Genicular material is much stronger than tissue from fleshy macroalgae. Moreover, as fronds grow, genicula get bigger and their tissue strengthens, two processes that help them resist breakage. Within individual fronds, larger branches, which presumably experience greater drag force, are supported by bigger, stronger genicula. However, frond growth greatly outpaces genicular strengthening. As a result, Calliarthronfronds most likely break at their bases when critically stressed by incoming waves. Shedding fronds probably reduces the drag force that threatens to dislodge coralline crusts and may constitute a reproductive strategy.

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“…Substrate slope shapes hydrodynamic forces, illumination and sedimentation patterns, and as such, influences the distribution of benthic and benthopelagic assemblages (e.g. Denny et al 2003, Letourneur et al 2003, Milazzo et al 2011. Its importance seems to be accentuated by the correlation with terrain complexity measures in this study, implying that a significant slope effect could also represent, for instance, a ruggedness effect.…”

Section: Substrate-related Effectsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Predictive habitat modelling of reef fishes with contrasting trophic ecologies

Schmiing¹,

Afonso²,

Tempera³

et al. 2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The success of marine spatial management and, in particular, the zonation of marine protected areas (MPAs), largely depends on the good understanding of species' distribution and habitat preferences. Yet, detailed knowledge of fish abundance is often reduced to a few sampled locations and a reliable prediction of this information across broader geographical areas is of major relevance. Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to describe species− environment relationships and identify environmental parameters that determine the abundance or presence−absence of 11 reef fishes with contrasting life histories in shallow habitats of the Azores islands, Northeast Atlantic. Predictive models were mapped and visualised in a geographic information system (GIS) and areas with potential single or multi-species habitat hotspots were identified. Schooling, pelagic species typically required presence−absence models, whereas abundance models performed well for benthic species. Depth and distance to sediment significantly described the distribution for nearly all species, whereas the influence of exposure to swell or currents and slope of the seafloor depended on their trophic ecology. Potential presence of single species was widespread across the study area but much reduced for multiple species. There were no habitats shared by high abundances of all species in a given trophic group, and areas shared by minimal abundances were smaller than expected. Potential habitat hotspots should be considered as priority sites for conservation, but were only partially included in the existing MPA network. These findings highlight the potential of this methodology to support scientifically sound conservation planning, including but not restricted to fragmented and constrained habitats, such as those of oceanic archipelagos.

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Extreme water velocities: Topographical amplification of wave‐induced flow in the surf zone of rocky shores

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Potential and limitations of finite element modelling in assessing structural integrity of coralline algae under future global change

Potential and limitations of finite element modelling in assessing structural integrity of coralline algae under future global change

Size, strength and allometry of joints in the articulated corallineCalliarthron

Predictive habitat modelling of reef fishes with contrasting trophic ecologies

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