Extreme melt on Canada's Arctic ice caps in the 21st century

Sharp, Martin; Burgess, David; Cogley, J. Graham; Ecclestone, M.A.; Labine, Claude; Wolken, G. J.

doi:10.1029/2011gl047381

Cited by 95 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In general, the flux of PFCAs increased after 1985 (Fig. S4) Gascon et al, 2013;Sharp et al, 2011). This is consistent with Inuit traditional knowledge of overall warming in the Arctic (Koihok et al, 2001).…”

Section: Pfca Deposition and Temporal Trends On Devon Ice Capsupporting

confidence: 83%

Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

Pickard¹,

Criscitiello²,

Spencer³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent, bioaccumulative compounds found ubiquitously within the 10 environment. They can be formed from the atmospheric oxidation of volatile precursor compounds and undergo long-range transport through the atmosphere and ocean to remote locations. Ice caps preserve a temporal record of PFAA deposition making them useful in studying the atmospheric trends in LRT of PFAAs as well as understanding major pollutant sources and production changes over time. A 15 m ice core representing 38 years of deposition was collected from the Devon Ice Cap in Nunavut, providing us with the first multi-decadal temporal ice record in PFAA deposition to the Arctic. 15Ice core samples were concentrated using solid phase extraction and analyzed by liquid and ion chromatography methods. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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Section: Pfca Deposition and Temporal Trends On Devon Ice Capsupporting

confidence: 83%

Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

Pickard¹,

Criscitiello²,

Spencer³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, at least some of the Hg presently stored in glacial ice is being prematurely released as Arctic glaciers diminish under a warmer climate. [287][288][289] The fate of mercury deposited to the Arctic Conclusions, knowledge gaps and recommendations for further research The fate of net deposited atmospheric mercury in environmental media 1. Most of the Hg entering aquatic (marine and fresh water) and terrestrial ecosystems following atmospheric deposition is inorganic (Hg II ).…”

Section: Eastern Beaufort Sea Belugamentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of mercury in Arctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, a review

Douglas

Loseto²,

Macdonald³

et al. 2012

Environ. Chem.

118

147

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Environmental context. Mercury, in its methylated form, is a neurotoxin that biomagnifies in marine and terrestrial foodwebs leading to elevated levels in fish and fish-eating mammals worldwide, including at numerous Arctic locations. Elevated mercury concentrations in Arctic country foods present a significant exposure risk to Arctic people. We present a detailed review of the fate of mercury in Arctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, taking into account the extreme seasonality of Arctic ecosystems and the unique processes associated with sea ice and Arctic hydrology.Abstract. This review is the result of a series of multidisciplinary meetings organised by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme as part of their 2011 Assessment 'Mercury in the Arctic'. This paper presents the state-of-the-art knowledge on the environmental fate of mercury following its entry into the Arctic by oceanic, atmospheric and terrestrial pathways. Our focus is on the movement, transformation and bioaccumulation of Hg in aquatic (marine and fresh water) and terrestrial ecosystems. The processes most relevant to biological Hg uptake and the potential risk associated with Hg exposure in wildlife are emphasised. We present discussions of the chemical transformations of newly deposited or transported Hg in marine, fresh water and terrestrial environments and of the movement of Hg from air, soil and water environmental compartments into food webs. Methylation, a key process controlling the fate of Hg in most ecosystems, and the role of trophic processes in controlling Hg in higher order animals are also included. Case studies on Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) are presented as examples of the relationship between ecosystem trophic processes and biologic Hg levels. We examine whether atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) contribute to increased Hg levels in Arctic biota and provide information on the links between organic carbon and Hg speciation, dynamics and bioavailability. Long-term sequestration of Hg into non-biological archives is also addressed. The review concludes by identifying major knowledge gaps in our understanding, including:(1) the rates of Hg entry into marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the rates of inorganic and MeHg uptake by Arctic microbial and algal communities; (2) the bioavailable fraction of AMDE-related Hg and its rate of accumulation by biota and (3) the fresh water and marine MeHg cycle in the Arctic, especially the marine MeHg cycle.

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“…Arctic environments are affected by cryosphere-albedo feedback mechanisms that result in climate amplification (Overpeck et al, 1997;Holland and Bitz, 2003;Serreze and Barry, 2011), and the Arctic is expected to undergo significant change during the 21st century (Miller et al, 2010;Sharp et al, 2011;Jacob et al, 2012). Glaciers are one component of the Arctic environment, and have experienced pronounced retreat due to recent climate warming (Meier et al, 2003;Gardner et al, 2011;Fisher et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

¹⁰Be ages of late Pleistocene deglaciation and Neoglaciation in the north‐central Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska

Badding

Briner

Kaufman

2012

J Quaternary Science

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We present a chronology of late Pleistocene deglaciation and Neoglaciation for two valleys in the northcentral Brooks Range, Alaska, using cosmogenic 10 Be exposure dating. The two valleys show evidence of ice retreat from the northern range front before $16-15 ka, and into individual cirques by $14 ka. There is no evidence for a standstill or re-advance during the Lateglacial period, indicating that a glacier advance during the Younger Dryas, if any, was less extensive than during the Neoglaciation. The maximum glacier expansion during the Neoglacial is delimited by moraines in two cirques separated by about 200 km and dated to 4.6 AE 0.5 and 2.7 AE 0.2 cal ka BP. Both moraine ages agree with previously published lichen-inferred ages, and confirm that glaciers in the Brooks Range experienced multiple advances of similar magnitude throughout the late Holocene. The similar extent of glaciers during the middle Holocene and the Little Ice Age may imply that the effect of decreasing summer insolation was surpassed by increasing aridity to limit glacier growth as Neoglaciation progressed.

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Extreme melt on Canada's Arctic ice caps in the 21st century

Cited by 95 publications

References 18 publications

Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

The fate of mercury in Arctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, a review

¹⁰Be ages of late Pleistocene deglaciation and Neoglaciation in the north‐central Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska

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Extreme melt on Canada's Arctic ice caps in the 21st century

Cited by 95 publications

References 18 publications

Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

The fate of mercury in Arctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, a review

10Be ages of late Pleistocene deglaciation and Neoglaciation in the north‐central Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska

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About

¹⁰Be ages of late Pleistocene deglaciation and Neoglaciation in the north‐central Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska