Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

Pickard, Heidi M.; Criscitiello, Alison S.; Spencer, Christine N.; Sharp, Martin; Muir, Derek C. G.; Silva, Amila O. De; Young, Cora J.

doi:10.5194/acp-2017-1009

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Fluorotelomer degradation leads to deposited PFCAs with ratios that are reasonably consistent with time. Pickard et al (2018) observed that all PFCAs with carbon chain lengths ≥5 have similar deposition trends through time to the same Devon Ice Cap ice core. Ratios among PFCAs with five to eight carbons are reproduced in Figure 2b and demonstrate the difference in deposition trends for PFBA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Comparison between GEOS‐Chem modeled (Thackray et al, 2020) and measured deposition ranges from 1978–2014 (Devon Ice Cap, black) and 1978–2015 (Mt. Oxford icefield, green); (b) measured molar ratios of PFCAs of different chain lengths from the Devon Ice Cap (C5 to C8 PFCA deposition from Pickard et al (2018)).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One outcome of these studies was that PFCAs can be formed through atmospheric oxidation of volatile fluorotelomer compounds (i.e., substances possessing F(CF 2 ) x CH 2 CH 2 R), which are used as synthetic precursors to commercial products (Ellis et al, 2004; Young & Mabury, 2010). Atmospheric degradation of fluorotelomer compounds has been shown to contribute to PFCA contamination in remote regions (Benskin et al, 2012; Pickard et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice Core Record of Persistent Short‐Chain Fluorinated Alkyl Acids: Evidence of the Impact From Global Environmental Regulations

Pickard

Criscitiello

Persaud

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Short chain perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids (scPFCAs, C x F 2x+1 COOH, x ≤ 3) are persistent compounds formed from atmospheric oxidation of fluorotelomer compounds and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacements introduced as a result of the Montreal Protocol. Understanding sources and impacts of scPFCAs has been limited by observational data. We report multidecadal depositional fluxes for trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) from two Arctic ice cores. Fluxes of all three scPFCAs increase starting around 1990. Through comparison with chemical transport models and assessment of temporal trends, we observe the importance of CFC replacements in the increased deposition of TFA. Fluorotelomer degradation may contribute to the deposition of PFBA but is insignificant for TFA and PFPrA. Deposition of TFA is expected to increase as new CFC replacement compounds are phased in. This work demonstrates the increased environmental burden of persistent and potentially toxic scPFCAs as a result of global regulation.Plain Language Summary Measurements of persistent compounds were made in two Arctic ice cores. The multidecadal records allow us to better understand the sources and deposition of these chemicals to remote areas. We observed that amounts deposited to the Arctic increased with time starting around 1990. Our results suggest that global regulation and replacement of other environmentally harmful chemicals contributed to the increase of these compounds in the Arctic, illustrating that regulations can have important unanticipated consequences.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice Core Record of Persistent Short‐Chain Fluorinated Alkyl Acids: Evidence of the Impact From Global Environmental Regulations

Pickard

Criscitiello

Persaud

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…6, 20 Volatile precursors can be transported long distances in the atmosphere prior to deposition in regions remote from pollution sources. 21, 22 Precursors are often not measured during standard PFAA analysis, which can result in an underestimate of human exposure because these precursors can be metabolized to terminal PFAAs in the human body. 23, 24…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects

Sunderland

Dassuncao

et al. 2018

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

1,490

871

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Here we review present understanding of sources and trends in human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and epidemiologic evidence for impacts on cancer, immune function, metabolic outcomes, and neurodevelopment. More than 4000 PFASs have been manufactured by humans and hundreds have been detected in environmental samples. Direct exposures due to use in products can be quickly phased out by shifts in chemical production but exposures driven by PFAS accumulation in the ocean and marine food chains and contamination of groundwater persist over long timescales. Serum concentrations of legacy PFASs in humans are declining globally but total exposures to newer PFASs and precursor compounds have not been well characterized. Human exposures to legacy PFASs from seafood and drinking water are stable or increasing in many regions, suggesting observed declines reflect phase-outs in legacy PFAS use in consumer products. Many regions globally are continuing to discover PFAS contaminated sites from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) use, particularly next to airports and military bases. Exposures from food packaging and indoor environments are uncertain due to a rapidly changing chemical landscape where legacy PFASs have been replaced by diverse precursors and custom molecules that are difficult to detect. Multiple studies find significant associations between PFAS exposure and adverse immune outcomes in children. Dyslipidemia is the strongest metabolic outcome associated with PFAS exposure. Evidence for cancer is limited to manufacturing locations with extremely high exposures and insufficient data are available to characterize impacts of PFAS exposures on neurodevelopment. Preliminary evidence suggests significant health effects associated with exposures to emerging PFASs. Lessons learned from legacy PFASs indicate that limited data should not be used as a justification to delay risk mitigation actions for replacement PFASs.

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“…半球的FTOH通过LRAT-降解-沉降方式向北极传输 PFCAs的量约0.1~1 t/a [11,12] . 此外, Pickard等人 [83] [11,69] . 全球气候变暖是影响大气、海洋的PFASs传输机制的一个重要因素 [84,85] .…”

Section: 洋流和海洋气溶胶传输是全氟辛酸盐(Perfluorooctanoate Pfo)从低纬度地区向高纬度地区传输的主要unclassified

The distribution of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in the global marine water

Xiang¹,

Shan²,

Wu³

et al. 2019

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Ice Core Record of Persistent Short‐Chain Fluorinated Alkyl Acids: Evidence of the Impact From Global Environmental Regulations

Ice Core Record of Persistent Short‐Chain Fluorinated Alkyl Acids: Evidence of the Impact From Global Environmental Regulations

A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects

The distribution of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in the global marine water

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