Extreme escalation of heat failure rates in ectotherms with global warming

Jørgensen, Lisa Bjerregaard; Ørsted, Michael; Malte, Hans; Wang, Tobias; Overgaard, Johannes

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05334-4

Cited by 98 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In accordance with expectations of normal temperature effects of biochemical processes (Cossins and Bowler, 1987;Hochachka and Somero, 2002;Jørgensen et al, 2022) we found that lowering the temperature decreased oxygen consumption rates of all complexes in the ETS. This temperature response was similar across all seven species when analyzed in the temperature interval between 10-19 °C, a temperature range where all species are able to defend neuromuscular function.…”

Section: Temperature Effects On Complex I Correlate With Species Cold...supporting

confidence: 92%

Balanced mitochondrial function at low temperature is linked to cold adaptation inDrosophilaspecies

Jørgensen

Hansen

Willot

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The ability of ectothermic animals to live in different thermal environments is closely associated with their capacity to maintain physiological homeostasis across diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations. For chill-susceptible insects, such asDrosophila, cold tolerance is tightly linked to ion and water homeostasis obtained through a regulated balance of active and passive transport. Active transport at low temperature requires a constant delivery of ATP and we therefore hypothesize that cold-adaptedDrosophilaare characterized by superior mitochondrial capacity at low temperature relative cold-sensitive species. To address this, we investigated how experimental temperatures 19-1 °C affected mitochondrial substrate oxidation in flight muscle of seven tropical and temperateDrosophilaspecies that represent a broad spectrum of cold tolerance. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates measured using a substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor-titration protocol showed that cooling generally reduced oxygen consumption of all steps of the electron transport system across species. Complex I is the primary consumer of oxygen at benign temperatures, but low temperature decreases complex I respiration to a much greater extent in cold-sensitive species than in cold-adapted species. Accordingly, cold-induced reduction of complex I correlates strongly with CTmin(the temperature inducing cold coma). The relative contribution of alternative substrates, proline, succinate and glycerol-3-phosphate increased as temperature decreased, particularly in the cold-sensitive species. At present it is unclear whether the oxidation of alternative substrates can be used to offset the effects of the temperature-sensitive complex I, and the potential functional consequences of such a substrate switch are discussed.

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Section: Temperature Effects On Complex I Correlate With Species Cold...supporting

confidence: 92%

Balanced mitochondrial function at low temperature is linked to cold adaptation inDrosophilaspecies

Jørgensen

Hansen

Willot

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Previous work has focused on the effect of thermal sensitivity (E, Fig. 1B, SM Table 1) ( 13 , 14 ) or upper lethal thermal limit ( CT max ) ( 15 – 17 ) of traits on the temperature-dependence of r m , providing insights into the responses of populations to short-term thermal fluctuations and heat waves on populations ( 18 – 20 ). However, to understand how populations will respond to long-term sustained climatic warming, we need to quantify the adaptive potential of the temperature at which fitness peaks with respect to temperature ( T opt ) as well as the r m achieved at that temperature (“thermal fitness”; Fig.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in temperature of peak trait performance constrains adaptation of arthropod populations to climatic warming

Pawar

Huxley

Smallwood

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The degree to which arthropod populations will be able to adapt to climatic warming is uncertain. Here, we report that arthropod thermal adaptation is likely to be constrained in two fundamental ways. First, maximization of population fitness with warming is predicted to be determined predominantly by the temperature of peak performance of juvenile development rate, followed by that of adult fecundity, juvenile mortality and adult mortality rates, in this specific order. Second, the differences among the temperature of peak performance of these four traits will constrain adaptation. By compiling a new global dataset of 61 diverse arthropod species, we show that contemporary populations have indeed evolved under these constraints. Our results provide a basis for using relatively feasible trait measurements to predict the adaptive capacity of arthropod populations to climatic warming.

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“…It is not known whether acute escape responses and acute thermal limits are mechanistically linked. In fact there is growing evidence that multiple mechanisms underlie thermal limits for different physiological processes ( Lefevre et al, 2021 ; de Leij et al, 2022 ; Jorgensen et al, 2022 ). Behavioural and biochemical protective responses to temperature rely on an individual’s ability to sense and respond to suboptimal temperature exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperatures leading to heat escape responses in Antarctic marine ectotherms match acute thermal limits

Morley

Chu²,

Peck³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Thermal tolerance windows are key indicators of the range of temperatures tolerated by animals and therefore, a measure of resilience to climate change. In the ocean, where ectotherms are immersed, body temperatures are tightly coupled to environmental temperature and species have few options for thermoregulation. However, mobile species do have the ability to orientate towards optimal temperatures and move away from sub-optimal or dangerous temperatures. Escape responses are one such locomotory behavior, which typically manifests as a series of violent flicking movements that move individuals out of dangerous environments. We tested 11 species of Antarctic marine ectotherms, from one of the most stable shallow water marine environments, with an annual temperature range of −2°C to +2°C, that are vulnerable to small degrees of warming. Three species, the clam Laternula elliptica, the sea cucumber Cucumaria georgiana, and the brittlestar Ophionotus victoriae, showed no, or virtually no, escape response to temperature. Escape responses from a further eight species had a median response temperature of 11.2 (interquartile range, 10°C–15.7°C), which is well above current environmental temperatures but close to the range for acute lethal limits of Antarctic marine ectotherms (CTmax range, 17.2°C–26.6°C). This highlights that both acute tolerance limits and escape responses, fall outside current environmental temperatures, but also those predicted for 100s of years in the Southern Ocean. In a warmer Southern Ocean Antarctic fauna may not have the capacity to use temperature to select optimal thermal conditions, which leaves adaptation as a primary mechanism for their persistence.

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Extreme escalation of heat failure rates in ectotherms with global warming

Cited by 98 publications

References 62 publications

Balanced mitochondrial function at low temperature is linked to cold adaptation inDrosophilaspecies

Balanced mitochondrial function at low temperature is linked to cold adaptation inDrosophilaspecies

Variation in temperature of peak trait performance constrains adaptation of arthropod populations to climatic warming

Temperatures leading to heat escape responses in Antarctic marine ectotherms match acute thermal limits

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