Extravasation of contrast media at the puncture site: Strategies for management

Incidência e tipo de traumatismo vascular periférico em pessoas submetidas a exames de diagnóstico por imagem

“…The incidence of extravasation of contrast, found in the retrospective cohort, was higher than the values reported in another study, which ranged from 0.1% to 1.2% (Pacheco Compaña et al, 2014). The extravasation of contrast can occur during its hand administration or using an injection pump, with high or low flow rates.…”

“…In addition, the physical and chemical properties of contrast media, such as viscosity, also show the need for large-caliber venipunctures, facilitating their tolerability. It is recommended the use of a flexible intravascular catheter with a caliber compatible with the size of the chosen vein, preferably of 18-and 20-gauge sizes (Pacheco Compaña, Gago Vidal, & Méndez Díaz, 2014). The fixation and stabilization of intravascular catheters were performed with adhesive tape in the unit.…”

Asymptomatic contrast medium extravasation

“…In a previous study, 79% of patients had localised swelling after extravasation, 24% had pain, and 8% were asymptomatic 2. The risk factors for CM extravasation depend on the injection technique and patient characteristics 3. In this case, use of an automated injector, puncture of a suboptimal site, atrophy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue and fragile veins of the elderly patient were the risk factors.…”

Rôle of contrast media viscosity in altering vessel wall shear stress and relation to the risk of contrast extravasations

“…In the poorest case, the highest WSS may also trigger the incidence of contrast extravasation and thus placing the catheter tip to the centre of the vein might be a better option. Furthermore, the risk factors of intravenous (IV) contrast medium extravasation are also associated with injection technique and patient circumstance as discussed in [23]. The former includes the type of catheter used, puncture in vein, duration of injection, as well as use of any automatic injector.…”