2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00931.x
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Extrapineal melatonin: analysis of its subcellular distribution and daily fluctuations

Abstract: We studied the subcellular levels of melatonin in cerebral cortex and liver of rats under several conditions. The results show that melatonin levels in the cell membrane, cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondrion vary over a 24-hr cycle, although these variations do not exhibit circadian rhythms. The cell membrane has the highest concentration of melatonin followed by mitochondria, nucleus, and cytosol. Pinealectomy significantly increased the content of melatonin in all subcellular compartments, whereas luzindole t… Show more

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Cited by 513 publications
(469 citation statements)
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References 68 publications
(76 reference statements)
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“…Its lipophilic nature enhances the easiness at which it crosses the morphophysiological barriers, such as the bloodbrain barrier, and then effectively enters the cells and subcellular compartments [47,48] . It distributes in all cell compartments, being especially high in the nucleus and mitochondria [49,50] . Furthermore, several metabolites such as 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine that are formed when melatonin neutralizes damaging reactants are themselves scavengers suggesting that there is a cascade of reactions that greatly increase the efficacy of melatonin in stymieing oxidative mutilation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its lipophilic nature enhances the easiness at which it crosses the morphophysiological barriers, such as the bloodbrain barrier, and then effectively enters the cells and subcellular compartments [47,48] . It distributes in all cell compartments, being especially high in the nucleus and mitochondria [49,50] . Furthermore, several metabolites such as 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine that are formed when melatonin neutralizes damaging reactants are themselves scavengers suggesting that there is a cascade of reactions that greatly increase the efficacy of melatonin in stymieing oxidative mutilation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Como a melatonina é uma molécula anfifílica, ela é capaz de atravessar as membranas celulares com facilidade e, assim, atingir compartimentos subcelulares, podendo acumular-se em concentrações elevadas nas organelas, como a mitocôndria (Venegas et al 2012). Com essa propriedade, a melatonina é capaz de eliminar os radicais livres gerados na mitocôndria, além de reduzir a fuga de elétrons a partir da cadeia respiratória, diminuindo a formação de EROs (Leon et al 2004).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Mas há evidência controversa entre a associação do trabalho em turnos a desordens osteomusculares, especialmente devido a limitações na metodologia dos estudos (TUCKER; FOLKARD, 2012 CHAZOT, 2005;HARDELAND et al, 2011;VENEGAS et al, 2012), conhecidas coletivamente como fontes extrapineais de melatonina. A melatonina derivada dessas fontes secundárias, aparentemente, contribui pouco para a melatonina sistêmica, possuindo uma distribuição e ação muito mais locais (HARDELAND et al, 2011).…”
Section: Agradecimentosunclassified
“…A secreção da melatonina pela glândula pineal segue um ritmo circadiano gerado pelo oscilador central, via núcleo paraventricular do hipotálamo, sendo assim diretamente controlada pelo ciclo claro/escuro (CLAUSTRAT; BRUN; CHAZOT, 2005;COOGAN;WYSE, 2008;HARDELAND et al, 2011;VENEGAS et al, 2012). Como a glândula pineal não retém a melatonina secretada (PANDI-PERUMAL et al, 2006), a quantidade circulante reflete diretamente seu ritmo circadiano e a influência do ciclo claro/escuro (VENEGAS et al, 2012).…”
Section: Agradecimentosunclassified
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