Extraction, structure and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba: A review

Fang, Jugao; Wang, Zheng; Wang, Pei; Wang, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.141

Cited by 87 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…With the existence of over 250 million years, Ginkgo biloba L. is one of the oldest living plant species (Wang & Zhang, 2019). Ginkgo biloba seeds (GBS) have a long history of use because they are customarily consumed as foods and used as medicines globally, and their usage was first described in Herbals in 1350 AD (Fang, Wang, Wang, & Wang, 2020; Mahadevan & Park, 2008). Vitamin C, riboflavin, proteins, carbohydrates, and many nutrients are rich in GBS (Wang & Zhang, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pulsed‐vacuum, hot‐air, infrared, and freeze‐drying on drying kinetics, energy efficiency, and physicochemical properties of Ginkgo biloba L. seed

Boateng

Soetanto

Xiaoming

et al. 2021

J Food Process Engineering

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In this research, Ginkgo biloba L. seeds (GBS) were freeze-dried, infrared-dried, hotair dried, and pulsed-vacuum dried. A detailed analysis of their drying kinetics (drying curve, drying rate curve, effective moisture diffusivity, mathematical modeling), shrinkage and energy efficiency (specific moisture extraction, specific energy consumption), and physicochemical properties (soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, phenolics, and tannins) were performed. Results showed drying methods had various effects on different indexes and were confirmed by principal component analysis. The drying process occurred in the falling-rate period. The effective moisture diffusivity values amongst various drying methods ranged from 3.5 × 10 −8 to 7.6 × 10 −8 m 2 /s, which were within the normally expected range for food materials. The exponential model best fitted the experimental results for drying with coefficient of determination (R 2 ) > .981 and root mean square error, sum of square error, and reduced chi-square closer to zero than the parabolic and inverselogarithmic (Log3p1) models. The freeze-dried GBS had the highest nutritional (statistically the same with the fresh GBS) and lower shrinkage; nevertheless, it had the lowest moisture extraction rate and the highest energy consumption. Hot-air dried GBS had the highest shrinkage and lowest nutritional retention. Infrared-dried GBS was superior with the highest non-tannic phenolic, proanthocyanidins content, effective moisture diffusivity, drying rates, and energy efficiency. The current findings indicate that infrared drying is a promising drying technology for GBS and has the potential to be applied on a commercial scale. Practical applicationGinkgo seeds (GBS) are utilized as functional food across Asia. In China, ginkgo trees' extensive cultivation has surpassed market requirements, as GBS production could reach 60,000 tons per year. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new opportunities to take advantage of the availability and usage of GBS regardless of the season and overcome the situation that GBS usage only remains at incipient phases of home-cooked recipes. Drying is a common approach to preserve foods'.Nonetheless, there are some drawbacks to conventional drying method, such as low energy efficiency, lengthy process periods, and a decline in quality attributes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pulsed‐vacuum, hot‐air, infrared, and freeze‐drying on drying kinetics, energy efficiency, and physicochemical properties of Ginkgo biloba L. seed

Boateng

Soetanto

Xiaoming

et al. 2021

J Food Process Engineering

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show abstract

“…The different extraction methods, the extraction solvent, the pH, the ratio of raw material to solvent, the temperature and the time have a significant influence on the yield, technological properties and functions of bioactive polysaccharides [ 81 , 82 ]. Each extraction method has its advantages and disadvantages; therefore, the extraction method chosen should be adapted to the final purpose, the nature of the by-product and the cost of the procedure.…”

Section: Extraction Of Polysaccharides: Methods and Influence On The Bioactive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Increase the Biological and Biotechnological Value of Polysaccharides from Agricultural Waste for Application in Healthy Nutrition

Rivas

Casquete

Martı́n

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the extraction and identification of new high added-value compounds from the agro-food industry that will valorize the great amount of by-products generated. Many of these bioactive compounds have shown beneficial effects for humans in terms of disease prevention, but they are also of great interest in the food industry due to their effect of extending the shelf life of foods by their well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. For this reason, an additional research objective is to establish the best conditions for obtaining these compounds from complex by-product structures without altering their activity or even increasing it. This review highlights recent work on the identification and characterization of bioactive compounds from vegetable by-products, their functional activity, new methodologies for the extraction of bioactive compounds from vegetables, possibly increasing their biological activity, and the future of the global functional food and nutraceuticals market.

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“…Ginkgo biloba contains a variety of bioactive components, including flavonoid [ 78 ], ginkgolide [ 79 ], proanthocyanidins [ 65 ], and polysaccharides [ 80 ]. Among them, ginkgo flavones and ginkgolides are the most representative bioactive components.…”

Section: The Practical Significance On Sfe-co 2 Of Ginkgo Biloba Bioactive Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Bioactive Substances from Different Parts of Ginkgo biloba L.

Xia²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Ginkgo biloba L. has always been a popular area of research due to its various active ingredients and pharmacological effects. Ginkgo biloba is rich in ginkgo flavonoids, ginkgolides, and ginkgolic acid, with anti-inflammation, antioxidation, neuroprotection, anti-platelet agglutination, hypolipidemic effect, anti-cancer, and anti-radiation properties. There are many methods to extract and separate the active components of ginkgo. Among them, supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE-CO2) is known for its green, clean, and environment-friendly properties. In this paper, the pharmacological activities, the active components, and structures of different parts of ginkgo, the extraction methods of its effective ingredients, and the application of the SFE-CO2 method for the extraction and separation of active ingredients in Ginkgo biloba from leaves, seeds, pollen, and roots were reviewed, in order to make best use of ginkgo resources, and provide support and references for the development of SFE-CO2 of active components from Ginkgo biloba.

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Extraction, structure and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba: A review

Cited by 87 publications

References 64 publications

Effect of pulsed‐vacuum, hot‐air, infrared, and freeze‐drying on drying kinetics, energy efficiency, and physicochemical properties of Ginkgo biloba L. seed

Effect of pulsed‐vacuum, hot‐air, infrared, and freeze‐drying on drying kinetics, energy efficiency, and physicochemical properties of Ginkgo biloba L. seed

Strategies to Increase the Biological and Biotechnological Value of Polysaccharides from Agricultural Waste for Application in Healthy Nutrition

Advances in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Bioactive Substances from Different Parts of Ginkgo biloba L.

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