Strategies to Increase the Biological and Biotechnological Value of Polysaccharides from Agricultural Waste for Application in Healthy Nutrition

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the extraction and identification of new high added-value compounds from the agro-food industry that will valorize the great amount of by-products generated. Many of these bioactive compounds have shown beneficial effects for humans in terms of disease prevention, but they are also of great interest in the food industry due to their effect of extending the shelf life of foods by their well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. For this reason, an additional research objective is to establish the best conditions for obtaining these compounds from complex by-product structures without altering their activity or even increasing it. This review highlights recent work on the identification and characterization of bioactive compounds from vegetable by-products, their functional activity, new methodologies for the extraction of bioactive compounds from vegetables, possibly increasing their biological activity, and the future of the global functional food and nutraceuticals market.

Trends in Sustainable Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Agri‐Food Waste Extracts and Their Applications in Health

“…An alternative of this type of waste is the use for the extraction of macromolecules, mainly polysaccharides to be used as reducing agents of metallic nanoparticles. Also, polysaccharides from agrofood industry waste constitute one of the most important renewable resources [241]. Polysaccharides from waste are mainly lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins, gums (galactomannan), stach, and other non-starch polysaccharides, such as inulin and oligosaccharides.…”

Preparation of Bioactive Oligosaccharides from Mallow Residues by Enzymes Mixture of Isolated Aspergillus flavus B2 and Evaluation of their Biological Activities

“…Oxidative stress caused by free radicals is one of the factors in tumor development and pathogenesis of many human diseases (Rivas et al, 2021). Antioxidants can act as cancer chemo-preventives substances to protect cells from oxidative stress (Xiong et al, 2021).…”

“…Currently, 37 megatons of agricultural waste are produced worldwide, causing serious economic and environmental problems related to improper disposal (Rivas et al, 2021). Using solid residues to produce useful compounds is a new approach to (a) valorize the great amount of the generated byproducts, (b) control the negative effects of accumulated residue on the environment, (c) benefit humans by preventing disease, and (d) extending the foods shelf life through their known antimicrobial and antioxidant activity (Rivas et al, 2021).…”

“…However, enzymatic hydrolysis is the most appealing method because of its advantages: no need for special equipment, environmentally friendly, good selectivity, and product improvement. As well as reduced production of monosaccharides and their unwanted derivatives (Li et al, 2016;Rivas et al, 2021).…”

Improving the Viability and Metabolism of Intestinal Probiotic Bacteria Using Fibre Obtained from Vegetable By-Products

“…The wide variety in their chemical composition and structure, as well as their biodegradability and safety, make them suitable for applications in many fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, tissue engineering, biofuels, and others [2,3]. These are, therefore, bioactive compounds that are gaining increasing interest in their use as food additives or supplements, focusing efforts on improving their biological activity by new extraction methodologies [4].…”