Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities, and Applications of the Polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (Ginger): A Review

Abstract

Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) is a widely distributed plant with a long history of cultivation and consumption. Ginger can be used as a spice, condiment, food, nutrition, and as an herb. Significantly, the polysaccharides extracted from ginger show surprising and satisfactory biological activity, which explains the various benefits of ginger on human health, including anti-influenza, anti-colitis, anti-tussive, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor effects. Here, we systematically review the major studies on the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from ginger in recent years, the characterization of their chemical structure, biological activity, and structure–activity relationships, and the applications of ginger polysaccharides in different fields. This article will update and deepen the understanding of ginger polysaccharide and provide a theoretical basis for its further research and application in human health and product development.

Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Application of the Polysaccharides from Lonicera japonica Thunb.: A Review

“…Traditionally, L. japonica polysaccharides are extracted using hot water. Hot water extraction (HWE) is simple to perform, cost-effective, and does not alter the properties of polysaccharides with maximum retention of their activity [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The process is performed multiple times to ensure the complete extraction of the polysaccharides.…”

Research progress on ginger polysaccharides: extraction, purification and structure–bioactivity relationship

“…Several analytical methods can determine the structure of polysaccharides, including instrumental analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and chemical analytical methods, such as methylation analysis, acid hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation and Smith degradation and bioanalytical methods. 49 Studies have shown that the functions of polysaccharides are affected by their primary and advanced structures. 47,48 Studies on the composition and structure of GPs have primarily focused on monosaccharide composition, molecular weight determination, main chain structure and molecular morphology (Fig.…”

Extraction of High Value Products from Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) and Utilization of Residual Biomass

“…Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) is a plant that is widely distributed worldwide and belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. It contains compounds that present a wide range of benefits, such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer effects [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Ginger, both fresh and dried, is used for consumption as well as medicinal applications [ 5 ].…”

“…Ginger’s extracts and essential oils have diverse chemical compositions, and they mainly include compounds belonging to terpenoids and phenolics groups which possesses significant biological activity [ 6 ]. Moreover, polysaccharides have also been reported to be components of ginger extracts [ 1 ]. The bioactive compounds present in ginger extracts/oils lead to a vast number of applications in the medicinal and cosmetic sector, as well as the food industry and the agriculture sector [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…As a plant with significant value, ginger has attracted intensive research interest. Thus, many studies have focused on the application of different extraction methods with the aim of maximizing the extraction efficiency [ 1 ]. In the past years, new technologies for the extraction of beneficial compounds have attracted a lot of attention.…”