Extraction Procedure, Characteristics, and Feasibility of Caulerpa microphysa (Chlorophyta) Polysaccharide Extract as a Cosmetic Ingredient

Lee, Meng–Chou; Yeh, Han–Yang; Shih, Wen‐Ling

doi:10.3390/md19090524

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Pretreatment with autoclaving has been reported to increase the extraction yield of structural polysaccharides, such as alginate, fucoidan, and laminarin, in the brown seaweed Laminaria digitata [ 23 ]. It also increases the extractability of cell wall polysaccharides in the green alga Caulerpa microphysa [ 24 ]. Autoclaving may lead to disruption of structural carbohydrates in the cell wall, thereby increasing their solubilization in water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of macrophage activation after treatment with polysaccharides from ginseng according to heat processing

et al. 2023

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The worldwide persistence of infectious diseases is a significant public health issue. Consequently, studying immunomodulatory ingredients present in natural products, such as ginseng, is important for developing new treatment options. Here, we extracted three different types of polysaccharides from white (P-WG), red (P-RG), and heat-processed (P-HPG) ginseng and analyzed their chemical properties and immunostimulatory activity against RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Carbohydrates were the main components of all three polysaccharide types, while uronic acid and protein levels were relatively low. Chemical analysis indicated that the content of carbohydrates (total sugar) increased with processing temperature, while that of uronic acid decreased. Treatment with P-WG, P-RG or P-HPG stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with P-WG showing the highest activity among the three polysaccharides. The expression of inducible NO synthase, which affects NO secretion, was highest in the macrophages treated with P-WG. Analysis of intracellular signaling pathways showed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38) and NF-kB p65 were strongly phosphorylated by P-WG in macrophages but were only moderately phosphorylated by P-RG and P-HPG. Collectively, these results suggest that the polysaccharides isolated from ginseng undergo different changes in response to heat processing and display different chemical compositions and immune-enhancing activities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of macrophage activation after treatment with polysaccharides from ginseng according to heat processing

et al. 2023

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“…For the experiments, cells were detached by pipetting, centrifuged, and plated in fresh medium. Cytotoxicity analysis of KXRG evaluated by MTT assay was performed according to our previous work [ 47 ]. Various non-toxic concentrations of KXRG were added to RAW264.7 cells at 60–80% confluence and incubated for 2 h, following which 1 µg/mL LPS was added for a further 24-h incubation period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tea Seed Kaempferol Triglycoside Attenuates LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation and Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments in a Mouse Model

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: The current research intended to obtain functional compounds from agricultural by-products. A functional tea seed flavonoid, kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-6-O-α-L-rhanmopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (KXRG), was isolated from tea seed dregs. We further determined its chemical structure and evaluated the protective effects of KXRG against local and systemic inflammation in vivo; (2) Methods: First, cytotoxicity and proinflammatory cytokine release were examined in a cell-culture system. The biological activities of KXRG were investigated in a mouse model of ear edema, and from inflammatory damage to organs as demonstrated by histologic examination, in addition to brain function evaluation using the Y-maze test. Serum biochemical analysis and western blotting were utilized to explore the related cellular factors; (3) Results: KXRG inhibited IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells at a non-toxic concentration. Further experiments confirmed that KXRG exerted a stronger effect than indomethacin in terms of the prevention of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced ear inflammation in a mouse model. KXRG feeding significantly prevented LPS-induced small intestine, liver, and kidney inflammatory damage, as demonstrated by histologic examination. KXRG also significantly improved LPS-induced cognitive impairments. Serum biochemical analysis showed that KXRG elevated antioxidant capacity and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blotting revealed that KXRG reduced the COX-2 expression induced by LPS in mouse tissues; (4) Conclusions: KXRG can be purified from agricultural waste, and hence it is inexpensive, with large amounts of raw materials available. Thus, KXRG has strong potential for further development as a wide-use anti-systemic inflammation drug to prevent human disease.

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“…The three main categories of biomass sources for polysaccharides were plants, − fungi, − and macroalgae − (Figure a), of which plant biomass was the most studied [18 out of 29 biomass sources (62%)], while the remaining biomass sources were divided between fungi (5 sources, 17%) and macroalgae (6 sources, 21%). This is likely because plant biomass, including different plant parts, such as fruits, peels, leaves, stems, and tubers, is the major primary bioresource and contains multiple types of polysaccharides, such as (hemi)cellulose, pectins, β-glucans, starch, gums, and inulin. , In contrast, fungi and algae contain polysaccharides with specific functions, such as anticoagulant, antioxidant, and anticancer activities …”

Section: Influence Of Stabilization On Macroconstituent Extraction Fu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Stabilization Technology on the Extraction Yield and Functionality of Macroconstituents from Biomass: A Systematic Review

Vanleenhove,

Xu,

De Meester

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Biomass contains different macroconstituents (polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins) with nutritional and functional properties. However, after harvest or processing, stabilization of biomass is necessary to preserve the macroconstituents from degradation by microbial growth and enzymatic reactions. Because these stabilization methods affect the structure of the biomass, extraction of valuable macroconstituents can be impacted. Literature, in general, focuses on either stabilization or extraction, but systematic information on the interlinkage between these processes has rarely been reported. This review summarizes recent research on physical, biological, and chemical stabilization methods on macroconstituent extraction yields and functionalities. Often, freeze drying as a stabilization method resulted in a good extraction yield and functionality, independent of the macroconstituent. Less documented treatments, such as microwave drying, infrared drying, and ultrasound stabilization, result in better yields compared to conventional physical treatments. Biological and chemical treatments were rarely performed but could be promising as stabilization methods before performing an extraction step.

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Extraction Procedure, Characteristics, and Feasibility of Caulerpa microphysa (Chlorophyta) Polysaccharide Extract as a Cosmetic Ingredient

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

Characterization of macrophage activation after treatment with polysaccharides from ginseng according to heat processing

Characterization of macrophage activation after treatment with polysaccharides from ginseng according to heat processing

Tea Seed Kaempferol Triglycoside Attenuates LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation and Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments in a Mouse Model

Impact of Stabilization Technology on the Extraction Yield and Functionality of Macroconstituents from Biomass: A Systematic Review

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