Extraction optimization and purification of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. and evaluation of tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the anthocyanins

Abstract

The aim of this study was to extract and purify anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. and evaluate their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Response surface methodology was devoted to optimize enzyme‐assisted extraction of anthocyanins from L. ruthenicum dried fruits. Extraction at 38 °C for 37 min using water‐containing pectinase (52.04 mg/100 g dried fruit) rendered an anthocyanin extraction yield of 19.51 ± 0.21 mg/g. The purified anthocyanins were separated from the extract by macroporous resin XDA‐6. Antioxidant tests in vitro suggested that the extract and the purified anthocyanins exhibited a potent 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, superoxide radical scavenging capacity, and total reducing power. Thirteen anthocyanins from L. ruthenicum dried fruits were analyzed by HPLC‐MS. Moreover, the purified anthocyanins had inhibitory effect on tyrosinase monophenolase (IC50 = 1.483 ± 0.058 mg/mL), and the type of inhibition was competitive inhibition (Ki = 39.83 ± 1.4 mg/mL). The maximum inhibitory activity of the purified anthocyanins (3.00 mg/mL) on tyrosinase diphenolase was 42.16 ± 0.77%, and the type of inhibition was anticompetitive inhibition (Kis = 2.387 ± 0.10 mg/mL). Practical Application The anthocyanins from L. ruthenicum dried fruits can be used as tyrosinase inhibitors in medicine, cosmetics, and food preservation industries.

Anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activity of proanthocyanidins fromCinnamomum camphora

“…had the strongest DPPH scavenging activity, with an IC 50 of 1.03 g/ mL. [32,33] The anthocyanins isolated from Lycium ruthenicum Murr posessed ABTS radical scavenging capacity, with IC 50 of 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/mL [36] . Because the total phenol content (TPC) was the greatest antioxidant contributor in the DPPH and FRAP assays, the radical scavenging ability of PAs in leaves was better than that of PAs in branches, which may be due to the relatively high TPC.…”

Optimization Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Anthocyanins from Raspberry Using Response Surface Methodology Coupled with Genetic Algorithm

“…The yield of anthocyanins from raspberries was measured by a pH differential method [ 23 ]. In short, 3 mL of anthocyanins extracts were diluted with 5 mL of two different buffers (0.025-M KCl-HCl buffer at pH 1.0 and 0.4-M CH 3 COONa-HCl buffer at pH 4.5).…”

Ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction of anthocyanins from grape skins: optimization, identification, and antitumor activity

“…The yield of anthocyanins in grape skins was measured by a pH differential method (Shen et al., 2020). In short, 3 mL of anthocyanins extracts were diluted with 5 mL of two different buffers (0.025 M KCl‐HCl buffer at pH 1.0 and 0.4 M CH 3 COONa‐HCl buffer at pH 4.5).…”