Extraction of β-glucan of Hericium erinaceus, Avena sativa L., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vivo evaluation of their immunomodulatory effects

Abstract

Beta-glucan (BG) is one of the most common types of polysaccharides, and is a potent immune activator. Ot is present in microbes, plants, and mushrooms. The immunomodulatory properties of BG are varied among different species. This paper explains the composition of BG from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae HOO31), oat (Avena sativa L.) and mushroom (Hericium erinaceus), and also describes in vivo immunomodulation and changes in the antioxidant capacity of BG. In vivo studies were conducted in BALB/cMlac mice, and changes in cytokines level, antioxidant enzymes, and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated. About 91.42 ± 5.07, 86.90 ± 3.44, and 84.43 ± 4.10% of BG were recorded in yeast, mushroom, and oat samples, respectively, with 4-5% of α-glucan in all the samples. The band area range ratio analysis indicate that yeast and mushroom have a high content of β-1,3-glucan followed by β-1,6-glucan, whereas oat recorded a high content of β-1,4-glucan. Yeast-BG stimulated the expression of OL-6, OL-17, OFN-γ, OL-10, and TGF-β effectively. Moreover, antioxidant capacity was enhanced during yeast-BG supplementation in a dose-dependent manner than oat and mushroom BG. This study reveals that yeast-BG is a potent immune activator and enhancer of the host's antioxidant capacity than oat, and mushroom-BG.

Cereal β‐glucan: a promising prebiotic polysaccharide and its impact on the gut health

“…The authors suggested oat b-glucans have strong antiinflammatory potential, and it could be proposed for intestinal inflammatory disease patients (Wilczak et al, 2015). Chaiyasut et al (2018) compared the immunemodulatory activity of three b-glucan sources, that is yeast, mushroom and oat through an in vivo study. Yeast b-glucan stimulated the expression of IL-6, IL-17, IFN-c, IL-10 and TGF-b more effectively than oat and mushroom ones.…”

“…↑ THP-1 macrophages ↓ pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b) Arena et al (2016). Yeast b-glucan has higher immunomodulatory effect than oat b-glucanChaiyasut et al (2018)…”

β-Glucan from mushrooms and dates as a wall material for targeted delivery of model bioactive compound: Nutraceutical profiling and bioavailability

“…β-Glucan from the mushrooms was extracted following the method of Chaiyasut et al [13] with some modifications. Fresh fruiting body of mushroom was washed in deionised water, sliced and dried out in a hot air oven at 36 °C for 11 h. Ground dried mushrooms were dissolved in NaOH (1 M) and heated at 80 °C for 6 h. This was followed by centrifugation (6000× g ) at 4 °C for 25 min and pellet was washed with deionised water thrice and re-centrifugated to separate compounds such as heteropolysaccharides, phenols and glycogen.…”

Antitumor Activity of ?-glucan Extracted from Pleurotus Eryngii

“…Fig. (2A), shows that the band range of ~1027.99 cm -1 is a characteristic feature of polysaccharides and assigned for β-1,4 glucans (17) , the absorbance peak at this band represent the existence of C-O-C group (18) . In addition, hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups were detected at band 2923.88 cm -1 , these groups are features of carbohydrate structure (19) .…”