β-Glucan from mushrooms and dates as a wall material for targeted delivery of model bioactive compound: Nutraceutical profiling and bioavailability

Abstract

Rutin was nano-encapsulated in date [En-Ru(D)] and mushroom [En-Ru(M)] β-glucan matrix to protect it from the harsh gastrointestinal environment and to enhance its bioavailability and biological activity upon digestion. The encapsulation was carried using green technology i.e., ultra-sonication. The En-Ru(D) and En-Ru (M) showed the hydrodynamic diameter of 314.04 and 482.21 nm with polydispersity index of 0.21 and 0.33. The in vitro release behaviour followed the Higuchi model. The antimicrobial activity of En-Ru(D) and En-Ru(M) were evaluated against gram negative E. coli (ATCC 25922) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Furthermore, En-Ru(D) and En-Ru(M) exhibited increased bioavailability of rutin in intestinal fluid with retention of anti-obesity and antioxidant activities after digestion (p < 0.05). Therefore, β-glucan matrix can efficiently encapsulate flavonoids and regulate the release of functional bioactive ingredients in the simulated human digestive conditions.

Ultrasonication as an innovative approach to tailor the apple seed proteins into nanosize: Effect on protein structural and functional properties

“…The distortion of protein upon ultra-sonication may be because of the denaturation and unfolding of protein structure due to cavitation forces resulting in change of morphological properties of protein [24] . Du et al [25] reported the similar morphological change in pumpkin seed protein upon sonication.

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Impact of Freeze- and Spray-Drying Microencapsulation Techniques on β-Glucan Powder Biological Activity: A Comparative Study

“…Owing to the ability of bioactive compounds to stabilize via the structuring of systems that preserve their chemical, physical, and biological properties, and their release (or delivery) under desired conditions [ 59 ], microencapsulation technologies have been gaining popularity in the food industry during the last few decades. Although β-glucan is usually used as a wall agent (encapsulant) for bioactive compound encapsulation [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ], this soluble fiber was employed in our study as a core material to be microencapsulated using two different techniques to improve its stability and nutritional value for scientific purposes and practical applications.…”

Upscaling of Apple By-Product by Utilising Apple Seed Protein as a Novel Wall Material for Encapsulation of Chlorogenic Acid as Model Bioactive Compound

“…However, at pH 7.5 (simulated intestinal conditions), NT-Chl and Nano-Chl capsules exhibited a lower swelling index of 63.14% and 60.43%, respectively. This is attributed to the higher dissolution/disintegration of the apple protein in the alkaline medium followed by the release of chlorogenic acid [ 15 ]. These results are in accordance with a previous study reported by Gani et al [ 19 ] in which churpi protein was used as wall material for the encapsulation of resveratrol.…”

“…Apple seed protein nanoparticles were prepared following the method of Shah et al [ 15 ]. Briefly, apple seed protein dissolved in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) was ultrasonicated at a frequency of 40 KHz for 25 min with a pause of 5 min.…”

“…The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the capsules was performed following the method of Gani et al [ 15 ]. Briefly, 10 mg of NT-Chl and Nano-Chl was washed with 5 mL of distilled water and centrifuged for 10 min to remove the chlorogenic acid adhered to the protein surface.…”