Extraction of Titanium from Low-Grade Ore with Different Leaching Agents in Autoclave

Abstract

The progressive depletion of primary sources to obtain metals has led to the search for alternative sources for their recovery. In the particular case of titanium, titaniferous sands are a viable option for obtaining this metal. This paper presents the results of the dissolution of titanium from titaniferous sands of Buenos Aires province (Argentina) in a laboratory autoclave (450 mL of capacity). The operating parameters studied were as follows: different acids (HF, H2SO4 and mixtures of these acids); leaching agent concentration, 5–20% v/v; temperature, 75–150 °C; time, 30–180 min; solid–liquid ratio, 0.9–3.6% w/v; stirring speed, 110–550 rpm. The obtained results indicate that the increase in the leaching agent(s) concentration, temperature and time of contact with the acid mixtures have a marked effect on the dissolution reaction of titanium. Optimal conditions to achieve 89% extraction of titanium were obtained by leaching at 123 °C, 330 rpm, 80 min and 1.8% w/v with a mixture of 15% HF (v/v) and 10% H2SO4 (v/v).

Sunlight‐Assisted Photocatalytic Sustainable Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles and Benzimidazoles Using TiO2−Cu2(OH)PO4 Under Solvent‐Free Condition

“…Further ICP‐OES analysis was performed to quantify the amount of copper leached‐out (titanium leached‐out in highly acidic condition) [53] in the filtrate after the reaction. For this study, standard copper solutions at different concentrations from 0.1 to 10 ppm were prepared and analyzed in ICP‐OES, in which an emission wavelength of copper was observed at 327.395 nm (Figure 1c) and standard linear curve exhibited between the concentration and intensity (Figure 1d).…”

Intensification of Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Altered Ilmenite via Adding Fluoride Activator

“…Today, the fluoride processing method of ilmenite and rutile is very actively developing [23][24][25][26][27][28]. This method is very promising and has a very strong basis for the development of this technology, because it is economical, has a low amount of waste, and has the ability to recycle the main components [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. For example, the authors of [29,30,37] worked with titanium dioxide, which is found in industrial waste or in low-grade materials.…”

“…They also suggested using the residues of sulfate leaching into cement. Rodriguez et al [33] show the leaching of titanium from lean ore by various leaching agents in an autoclave. The optimal process parameters were obtained to achieve 89% titanium recovery: leaching at 123 • C, 330 rpm, 80 min, and 1.8% w/v with a mixture of 15% HF and 10% H 2 SO 4 .…”

“…In our opinion, it complicates the application of this technology in practice. The studies [33][34][35][36][37] describe the leaching of titanium-bearing raw materials by the hydrometallurgical method using hydrofluoric acid. The optimal parameters were established, which differ due to the use of raw materials with different chemical compositions.…”

Thermodynamics and Kinetics Research of the Fluorination Process of the Concentrate Rutile

“…In the last decade, the development of the sulfate method associated with the introduction of various reagents (additives) sulfuric acid. For example, in [5] a water technology is described, in which it is recommended to use a mixture of H 2 SO 4 (10% vol. )-HF (15% vol.)…”