Extraction of Sodium Alginate from Sargassum sp. using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)

Abstract

The method used in alginate extraction has been using conventional heating. Lately, Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) has been widely used to extract active compounds from natural ingredients. This study aims to extract sodium alginate from Sargassum sp. using MAE method. This research was conducted by determining the optimum power level and extraction time using a commercial microwave. Power level optimization is carried out at level 70; 80; 90 and 100, while extraction time is carried out for 15; 16; 17 and 18 minutes. The results showed that sodium alginate products were obtained at levels 70, 80, 90 and 100, respectively 0.5%; 37.13%; 23.36% and 1.2%. While sodium alginate products are obtained at variations in extraction time for 15; 16; 17 and 18 minutes were obtained respectively 27.4%; 37.13%; 26.1% and 25.76%. The characterization of sodium alginate products was carried out by analysis of water content, ash content, brightness, and viscosity in the sequence obtained by 14.43%; 14.63%; 78.62 and 95.00 cps. The results of the analysis of heavy metal content obtained that the product of sodium alginate extracted did not contain metal Pb and Hg. FTIR spectra results showed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups at wave numbers 3448.7 cm-1 and 1620.21 cm-1 ; C-H bond at 2931.8 cm-1 ; alkene group at 2337.7 cm-1 ; sodium (Na) bond at 1419.61 cm-1 ; carbonyl group at 1095.57 cm-1 and carboxylic and ketone groups at 1033.85 cm-1. Based on the results of the characterization proving that the product obtained is a sodium alginate compound.

A Brief Review on the Development of Alginate Extraction Process and Its Sustainability

“…It is considered as one of the most efficient extraction techniques compared to conventional methods. [70,71]. Figure 3b…”

“…It is considered as one of the most efficient extraction techniques compared to conventional methods. [70,71]. Figure 3b shows a schematic diagram of the MAE process for alginate extraction.…”

Microwave Assisted Extraction of Raw Alginate as a Sustainable and Cost-Effective Method to Treat Beach-Accumulated Sargassum Algae

“…In fact, MAE has been investigated for the isolation of polyphenols [ 17 , 18 ] and fucoidan polysaccharide [ 19 , 20 ] from Sargassum algae, but to the best of our knowledge there is only one report of MAE application to extract alginate from this algae family. In this particular paper, the power level (70; 80; 90 and 100%) and microwave exposure time (between 15 and 18 min) were optimized for the extraction of alginate [ 21 ]. Framed in this context, in the present paper, recovered Sargassum algae wastes, have been used in order to extract sodium alginate by both the conventional protocol and a mild MAE method, in which power density and duration were optimized.…”

The effect of extraction time on the quality of brown seaweed Na-Alginate Sargassum polycisteum as the base material for SBK Edible Film

“…Alginates are compounds in salt form or derivates of alginate acid. It is formed by two polymers that is Dmannuronic acid and L-Guluronic acid [5]. Alginate is phycocolloid from brown seaweed [6].…”