Extraction of raw sewage sludge containing iron phosphate for phosphorus recovery

Review of sewage sludge management: standards, regulations and analytical methods

“…• Similar extraction can be conducted under alkaline conditions and phosphorus can be recovered in the form of FePO 4 after iron electrolysis (Sano, et al, 2012). This method does not require earlier incineration of sewage sludge, what reduces investment costs as well as those connected with heat energy generation.…”

“…The type of acid used together with selected additives will determine the form in which the phosphorus will be received, e.g. in a form of struvite (NH 4 MgPO 4 x 6H 2 O) (Xu, et al, 2012) or similar to commercial Triple Superphosphate (Weigand, et al, 2013).…”

Transformation of apatite phosphorus and non-apatite inorganic phosphorus during incineration of sewage sludge

“…Recently, advanced methods have been developed and applied to recover P from sewage sludge. These include crystallization as struvite (Le Corre et al, 2009;Rahaman et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2013) or Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (Berg et al, 2006) and recovery as AlPO 4 (Zhao et al, 2013), or FePO 4 (Sano et al, 2012). Several studies focused on P recovery as struvite from incinerated SSA (Ahmad and Idris, 2014;Xu et al, 2012a) or the production of technical grade phosphoric acid (Donatello et al, 2010a) after thermal treatment.…”

Remediation of Feedlot Nutrients Runoff by Electrocoagulation Process

“…However, electrocoagulation process also possesses some challenges such as an expensive process due to current uses, an impermeable oxide film may be formed on the cathode and high conductivity of the wastewater suspension is required (Mollah et al, 2001). Typically, runoff water has high conductivity, which overcome of these issues and the sludge produced during electrocoagulation can be used as a fertilizer or used for extracting different valuable elements (Bridle and Skrypski-Mantele, 2000;Gaber et al, 2011;Sano et al, 2012;Sethu et al, 2008).…”