Extraction of rare earths from bauxite residue (red mud) by dry digestion followed by water leaching

Rivera, Rodolfo Marin; Ulenaers, Brecht; Ounoughene, Ghania; Binnemans, Koen; Gerven, Tom Van

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2018.01.023

Cited by 136 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The applications of REEs include catalysts for automobiles, batteries for hybrid cars, and permanent magnets for wind turbine [5,6]. REEs are indispensable and irreplaceable in emerging clean technologies due to their unique physicochemical properties [1,7]. The shift towards clean efficient technologies consequently increases REEs demand [3,8], rising from 33.9 to 51.9 kiloton of REEs during the 2016-2030 period [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Characteristics of Low Concentration Rare Earth Elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC Bottom Ash Samples

et al. 2019

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Coal-derived power comprises over 39% of the world’s power production. Therefore, a mass volume of coal combustion byproducts are generated and shifted the extra burden onto the economy and environment. Circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) has been found to be a clean and ultimate technology for Korea’s coal-fired power plants to have effective power generation from low-grade imported coal with reduced emissions. Efforts have been made to broaden the utilization of CFBC coal ash, and to promote sustainable development of CFBC technology. Investigations provided numerous evidences for coal ash to be a potential deposit for rare earths reclamation. However, the basic characteristics and the methods of rare earth mining from the CFBC bottom ash lack detailed understanding and are poorly reported. This study highlighted an insight of the CBFC bottom ash with respect to REEs concentration. Moreover, agents were tested as a means for leaching REEs from Samcheok CFBC bottom ash. The leaching tests were performed in relation to variations in concentration, time and temperature. The results were applied to identify suitable processes to leach REEs from the ash and clarify the potential valuation of CFBC bottom ash. The leaching conditions attained by ANOVA analysis for hydrochloric concentration, temperature, and time of 2 mol L−1, 80 °C, and 12 h, were found to provide a maximum extraction of yttrium, neodymium and dysprosium of 62.1%, 55.5% and 65.2%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Characteristics of Low Concentration Rare Earth Elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC Bottom Ash Samples

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, new sources of REEs need to be identified to enhance the global supply. Many researchers have identified and extracted REEs from low-grade REE materials such as power plant coal, hard coal fly ash, bauxite, coal deposits, and waste fly ash or by recycling electric and electronic equipment waste using various methods [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Many processes such as subsequent solvent extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, acid leaching, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfation–Roasting–Leaching–Precipitation Processes for Selective Recovery of Erbium from Bottom Ash

et al. 2019

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Bottom ash (BA) is mainly composed of compounds of Al, Fe, Ca, and traces of rare earth elements (REEs). In this study, the selective recovery of erbium (Er) as REEs by means of sulfation–roasting–leaching–precipitation (SRLP) using BA was investigated. A pre-treatment process of sulfation and roasting of BA was developed to selectively recover REEs using ammonium oxalate leaching (AOL) followed by precipitation. Most of the oxides were converted to their respective sulfates during sulfation. By roasting, unstable sulfates (mostly iron) decomposed into oxides, while the REE sulfates remained stable. Roasting above 600 °C induces the formation of oxy-sulfates that are almost insoluble during AOL. Dissolved REEs precipitate after 7 days at room temperature. The effects of particle size, roasting temperature, leaching time, and AOL concentration were the important parameters studied. The optimal conditions of +100–500 μm particles roasted at 500 °C were found to leach 36.15% of total REEs in 2 h 30 min and 94.24% of the leached REEs were recovered by precipitation. A total of 97.21% of Fe and 94.13% of Al could be separated from Er.

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“…Additionally, the silica gel may hinder the further dissolution of scandium and remarkably reduce the leaching kinetics. Recently, Rivera et al extracted scandium from RM by dry digestion method with H 2 SO 4 or HCl, followed by water leaching [84]. During the novel process, the water consumption is reduced by up to 60% and silicon dissolution can be limited to less than 5 wt %.…”

Section: Recovery Of Titanium Vanadium and Rare-earth Elements (Reementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud and Prospect Analysis

et al. 2019

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Red mud (RM) is a by-product of extracting of alumina from bauxite. Red mud contains high quantities of alkali-generating minerals and metal ions, which can cause significant environmental damage. Many valuable components such as rare-earth elements, Al, and Fe, in RM are difficult to be utilized owing to their particle size and alkalinity. Thus, developing an economical and efficient technology to consume a large amount of RM can efficiently solve RM disposal issues. This paper systematically reviews the comprehensive utilization methods for reducing RM environmental pollution and divides the comprehensive utilization of RM into three aspects: the effective extraction of valuable components, resource transformation, and environmental application. Based on resource, economic, and environmental benefits, the development of new technologies and new processes with market competitiveness, environmental protection, and ecological balance should be the prerequisite for the low-energy, low-pollution, low-cost, and high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of RM. The direction of future research to solve RM disposal issues is also suggested.

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Extraction of rare earths from bauxite residue (red mud) by dry digestion followed by water leaching

Cited by 136 publications

References 37 publications

Leaching Characteristics of Low Concentration Rare Earth Elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC Bottom Ash Samples

Leaching Characteristics of Low Concentration Rare Earth Elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC Bottom Ash Samples

Sulfation–Roasting–Leaching–Precipitation Processes for Selective Recovery of Erbium from Bottom Ash

A Review on Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud and Prospect Analysis

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