Extraction of Polysaccharide from Spirulina and Evaluation of Its Activities

Abstract

Background Polysaccharide of Spirulina platensis (PSP) is a kind of water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Spirulina platensis. It has been proved to have antitumor, antioxidation, antiaging, and antivirus properties. And it has a promising prospect for wide application. Objective This study aims to identify an extraction process for high-purity polysaccharide in Spirulina (PSP) through a series of optimization methods and then evaluates its initial antiaging activities. Methods Four kinds of extraction methods—hot-water extraction, alkali extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and freeze-thaw extraction—were compared to find the optimal one, which was further optimized by response surface methodology. PSP was obtained after the crude PSP was deproteinized and depigmented. The antiaging effects of PSP were preliminarily evaluated through in vitro cell experiments. Results The alkali extraction method was determined as the optimal method, with the optimized extraction process consisting of a solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 50, a pH value of 10.25, a temperature of 89.24°C, and a time of 9.99 h. The final PSP contained 71.65% of polysaccharide and 8.54% of protein. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL, PSP exerted a significant promoting effect on the proliferation and traumatic fusion of human immortalized epidermal cells HaCaT. Conclusion An extraction method for high-purity PSP with a high extraction rate was established, and in vitro results suggest antioxidation and antiaging activities.

Influence of different extraction techniques on recovery, purity, antioxidant activities, and microstructure of flaxseed gum

“…Moreover, increasing temperature increases the solubility due to the weakening of the bonds between the carbohydrate and the matrix (Ho, Cacace, & Mazza, 2007; Piñeiro, Palma, & Barroso, 2004). Polysaccharides from plant sources (mainly acidic) are highly soluble in alkaline solutions with increasing temperature that are favorable for breaking cell walls and releasing polysaccharide gums to achieve higher extraction yield (Wang et al., 2018). However, there was a slight decrease in yield (6.74%) when temperature was further increased to 100 °C that may occur due to the degradation of compounds at higher temperature (Ho et al., 2007).…”

Production and structural characterization of a new type of polysaccharide from nitrogen-limited Arthrospira platensis cultivated in outdoor industrial-scale open raceway ponds

“…Compared with other flocculation methods, ZTC1 + 1 resulted in not only the highest polysaccharide purity, but also the least polysaccharide loss. The polysaccharide purity after ZTC1 + 1 treatment (> 80%) was even 22% higher than that with enzymatic trichloroacetic acid (TCA) method where 3% papain and 5% TCA were sequentially used to remove impurities in the crude polysaccharide extracts from A. platensis [24]. Compared with traditional deproteinization methods such as Sevage and TCA method where organic reagents and complicated purification process are often involved (e.g., 5–10 times repeated treatments in Sevage method) [23], ZTC1 + 1 is an effective, simple and environmental-friendly way for polysaccharide purification as an impurity scavenger from algae and other natural products.…”

“…Similarly, Wu et al [23] and Wang et al [25] also reported that glucose was the main component (> 90%) of the polysaccharides from A. platensis (Table 4). However, considerable amounts of other studies revealed that instead of Glc, Rha accounted for the main sugar moiety of the polysaccharides from A. platensis (Table 4), with the proportion of which reaching up to approximately 50% [24, 45–47]. Additionally, Chen et al [20] found that A. platensis water-soluble polysaccharides were composed of 57.5% Man and 42.5% Glc, which was quite different from the results discussed above.…”

“…Several methods have been used to extract the water-soluble polysaccharides in A. platensis , such as hot water [19] or hot base [17] extraction, organic solvents extraction [20], and ultrasound [21] or microwave [22] assisted hot water extraction. For polysaccharide purification, Sevage refining, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation, enzymolysis, or the combination of these methods can be applied to remove the protein and other impurities [23, 24]. However, these traditional methods often introduce organic solvents and are also labor-intensive [23].…”

Effects of Spirulina algae as a feed supplement on nutritional value and flavour components of silkie hens eggs

“…Since spirulina is rich in amino acids (AAs), fatty acids (FAs), docosahexaenoic acid, vitamins and diverse minerals, spirulina has been considered as “the most ideal food in the 21st century” by the World Health Organization, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Batista, Gouveia, Bandarra, Franco, & Raymundo, ; Gupta, Aglave, & Lokhande, ). Meanwhile, spirulina also contains various bioactive components, such as polysaccharide, cyanobacteria protein, beta carotene, linoleic acid and γ‐linolenic acid, exhibiting the characteristics of antibacterial, anti‐oxidation, antivirus and immunity enhancement (BingyueWang et al, ; Muthusamy, Thangasamy, Raja, Chinnappan, & Kandasamy, ; Wu et al, ).…”