Extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides from soils: A comparison between Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and accelerated solvent extraction techniques

Evaluation of Soxhlet extraction, accelerated solvent extraction and microwave-assisted extraction for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil and fish samples

“…The first scientific publications on ASE appeared in 1995 [19,20], and this technique has thereafter 0003-2670/$ -see front matter © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.035 gained wide acceptance for the extraction of organic contaminants [17,18,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…However, only a few of them were performed using different techniques to simultaneously extract different analytes, such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and PCBs [12], OCPs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [17], OCPs, PAHs and PCBs [15], PCBs and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) [24,25]. To our knowledge, only two previous studies focused on using different techniques to evaluate the extraction of both PCBs and PBDEs from biological matrices [26,27].…”

“…Pure alkanes cannot be used as solvents for the extraction of POPs from solid samples, and solvent mixtures with two different polarities such as n-hexane/acetone are often recommended. Many researches and applications of MAE have been carried out to extract organic pollutants from various matrices in recent years [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Nitrogen‐protected microwave‐assisted extraction of ascorbic acid from fruit and vegetables

“…In most cases, recoveries of analytes and reproducibility are improved compared to conventional techniques [16]. Besides, compared to other modern extraction techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized liquid extraction, MAE is easier to use and the systems are cheaper [17][18][19]. Thanks to these advantages, MAE has attracted growing interest in the extraction of active compounds from various matrices, such as plant samples [14,16,20], animal tissues [10,15], sewage sludge [13], human serum [19] cigarettes [21] and fruits [22,23].…”

Comparative study techniques for TPH and PAH extraction from clayey and sandy soils for chromatography analyses

“…Traditionally, extracting TPH and PAH from soil is accomplished through the technique of Soxhlet method US.EPA 3540 (EPA, 1996). However, this technique requires large extraction time (6-24 h) consumes large volumes of solvent and can lead to the destruction of heatlabile compounds (Queiroz et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2007). In this sense, other extraction techniques have been largely used in order to reduce the extraction time and the solvent consumption, while maintaining the efficiency of the extraction of the compounds.…”