Extraction of palm oil using propane, ethanol and its mixtures as compressed solvent

An original approach for lipophilic natural products extraction: Use of liquefied n-butane as alternative solvent to n-hexane

“…Many studies have been performed on natural product extraction using supercritical CO 2 , but the high working pressure (7.5e45 MPa) has limited the industrial applications (Baysal, Ersus, & Starmans, 2000;Ben Rahal, Barba, Barth, & Chevalot, 2015;Coelho et al, 2012;Couto et al, 2010;Hubert & Vitzthum, 1978;Koubaa et al, 2015;Koubaa et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2011). More recently, some studies have been focused on extraction processes involving liquefied gases at lower pressure (200e1000 kPa), such as n-propane (da Sekhon, Maness, & Jones, 2015;Zanqui et al, 2015), n-butane (Novello et al, 2015;Yang, Teo, & Xu, 2004), dimethyl ether (Kanda & Li, 2011;Kanda & Makino, 2009;Oshita et al, 2015), tetrafluoropropene (Suberu, Yamin, Cornell, Sam, & Lapkin, 2016), tetrafluoroethane (Lapkin, Plucinski, & Cutler, 2006;Mustapa, Manan, Mohd Azizi, Nik Norulaini, & Omar, 2009), eventually with co-solvents (Jesus et al, 2013;Pessoa et al, 2015). All these studies describe a dynamic process with continuous solvent recirculation using pumps and/or compressors which are prone to cavitation issues (Brennen, 1995;Franc & Michel, 2005).…”

Low-pressure solvent extraction of oil from macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) pulp: characterization of oil and defatted meal

“…Recently, studies have been developed as alternatives to these traditional methods using solvents that are acceptable in the food industry such as ethyl acetate (ALMEIDA et al, 2012;TIAN et al, 2013), and isopropanol (SETH et al, 2007;DUTTA et al, 2014;RAMLUCKAN et al, 2014), among others. Among the techniques applied using such solvents, the researches of JESUS et al (2013) and OLIVEIRA et al (2013) reports pressurized liquid extraction and low-pressure solvent extraction for the extraction of palm and passion fruit seed oil, respectively, with good yields of oil. Regarding the oil obtained from Macauba pulp, in the literature there are reports of the use of organic solvent extraction in a Soxhlet (HIANE et al, 2005;RAMOS et al, 2008;COIMBRA & JORGE, 2011) and pressing (SILVA & ANDRADE, 2013).…”

Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) fruit using compressed propane and supercritical CO2

“…Besides the mild temperature and pressure operating conditions, the use of short-chain hydrocarbons, like propane and n-butane, allows reduction of extraction time. However, literature is somewhat scarce on the vegetable matrices extraction using pressurized propane (Illés et al 1997(Illés et al , 2000Hamdan et al 2008;Daood et al 2002;Corso et al 2010;Freitas et al 2008;Silva et al 2015a, b;Santos et al 2015;Zanqui et al 2015a, b;Jesus et al 2013;Pederssetti et al 2011;Nimet et al 2001;Sparks et al 2006). Carelli et al (2011) extracted Ilex paraguariensis leaves using supercritical CO 2 .…”