“…As expected, TAGs were only detected in SFE extracts , while polar lipids were only extracted by PLE . Actually, it has been reported that the coextraction of polar lipids affected negatively to biodiesel production via methanolysis catalyzed by lipases , thus it is important the selective fractionation between non polar and polar lipids for different uses. Following methanol‐chloroform extraction, the average total lipid content of optimum PLE extracts was 70.06%; therefore, the use of PLE for the valorization of SFE residue is also interesting from the point of view of lipid content, since PLE extract of the residue is enriched in polar lipids.…”
In the present work, the valorization of Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass is proposed within the concept of biorefinery. To this aim, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was used to break down the strong cell wall and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure CO was applied as a first step to extract valuable compounds (such as non-polar lipids and pigments). Extraction of the remaining residue for the recovery of bioactive compounds was studied by means of an experimental design based on response surface methodology (RSM) employing pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with green solvents such as water and ethanol. Optimum extract was achieved with pure ethanol at 170°C for 20 min, providing an important antioxidant capacity (0.72 ± 0.03 mmol trolox eq g extract). Complete chemical characterization of the optimum extract was carried out by using different chromatographic methods such as reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (RP-HPLC-DAD), normal-phase HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection (NP-HPLC-ELSD) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS); carotenoids (e.g. violaxanthin), chlorophylls and polar lipids were the main compounds observed while palmitoleic, palmitic, myristic acids and the polyunsaturated eicosapentanoic (EPA) acid were the predominant fatty acids in all PLE extracts.
“…As expected, TAGs were only detected in SFE extracts , while polar lipids were only extracted by PLE . Actually, it has been reported that the coextraction of polar lipids affected negatively to biodiesel production via methanolysis catalyzed by lipases , thus it is important the selective fractionation between non polar and polar lipids for different uses. Following methanol‐chloroform extraction, the average total lipid content of optimum PLE extracts was 70.06%; therefore, the use of PLE for the valorization of SFE residue is also interesting from the point of view of lipid content, since PLE extract of the residue is enriched in polar lipids.…”
In the present work, the valorization of Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass is proposed within the concept of biorefinery. To this aim, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was used to break down the strong cell wall and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure CO was applied as a first step to extract valuable compounds (such as non-polar lipids and pigments). Extraction of the remaining residue for the recovery of bioactive compounds was studied by means of an experimental design based on response surface methodology (RSM) employing pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with green solvents such as water and ethanol. Optimum extract was achieved with pure ethanol at 170°C for 20 min, providing an important antioxidant capacity (0.72 ± 0.03 mmol trolox eq g extract). Complete chemical characterization of the optimum extract was carried out by using different chromatographic methods such as reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (RP-HPLC-DAD), normal-phase HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection (NP-HPLC-ELSD) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS); carotenoids (e.g. violaxanthin), chlorophylls and polar lipids were the main compounds observed while palmitoleic, palmitic, myristic acids and the polyunsaturated eicosapentanoic (EPA) acid were the predominant fatty acids in all PLE extracts.
“…469 In another case, microalgal oil extracted from Nannochloropsis gaditana was used, comparing N435 and Rhizopus oryzae in tert-butanol medium. 470 The highest reaction rate was obtained using the least polar lipid content. The same group using the same algae and N435 showed direct transesterification (in the presence of the biomass) in tert-butanol.…”
Section: Catalysis Science and Technology Mini Reviewmentioning
“…Hydrogen peroxide is a polar solvent that attracts polar compound, while organic solvent tends to dissolve neutral or non-polar lipids [41]. Polar lipid consisting of glycolipid and phospholipid as the major components will affect the biofuel properties and conversion rate [42]. Fig.…”
BackgroundThe extraction of lipids from microalgae requires a pretreatment process to break the cell wall and subsequent extraction processes to obtain the lipids for biofuels production. The multistep operation tends to incur high costs and are energy intensive due to longer process operations. This research work applies the combination of radicals from hydrogen peroxide with an organic solvent as a chemical pretreatment method for disrupting the cell wall of microalgae and simultaneously extracting lipids from the biomass in a one-step biphasic solution.ResultSeveral parameters which can affect the biphasic system were analyzed: contact time, volume of solvent, volume ratio, type of organic solvent, biomass amount and concentration of solvents, to extract the highest amount of lipids from microalgae. The results were optimized and up to 83.5% of lipid recovery yield and 94.6% of enhancement was successfully achieved. The results obtain from GC-FID were similar to the analysis of triglyceride lipid standard.ConclusionThe profound hybrid biphasic system shows great potential to radically disrupt the cell wall of microalgae and instantaneously extract lipids in a single-step approach. The lipids extracted were tested to for its comparability to biodiesel performance.
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