Extraction of impacted mandibular third molars - the effect of osteotomy at two speeds on peripheral bone: a histopathological analysis

The influence of electrical high-speed rotation on mandibular third molar surgeries: a prospective, randomized, split-mouth clinical and radiographic study

“…Peripheral bone was collected using a 3 mm diameter trephine (WF Cirúrgicos, Barueri, Brazil) in the distal region of the bone socket and stored in 10% formaldehyde for analysis of the immediate bone necrosis index 4 and bone regularity 4 , 7 , 15 . The sockets were irrigated with saline solution, filled with clot, and sutured using interrupted stitches with 4.0 nylon thread (Procare, Itajai, Brazil) (Fig.…”

“…For this purpose, the bone biopsies performed underwent standard histological processing (fixation in 10% formaldehyde, demineralization in EDTA, dehydration in alcohol sequence, clearing with xylene and inclusion in paraffin). Microtomy with serial sections of 4 μm thickness were obtained with subsequent staining in hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histological and histomorphometric analysis of the necrosis range and regularity of the bone edge (smooth, slightly irregular and irregular) 4 , 19 . After obtaining the slides, images were captured at 25 × optical microscopic magnification using a digital camera attached to the optical microscope (PrimeCam, NPlus 12, Nikon, Florida, USA) and connected to a microcomputer, for analysis using the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA).…”

“…Although studies have shown that rotary cutting instruments produce higher temperatures during osteotomy, which can lead to peripheral necrosis and impair bone repair 8 , 9 , pneumatic high-speed turbines are still the most commonly used instruments in outpatient surgeries 4 , 9 . They work at high speed (350,000–450,000 rpm), produce noise, vibration 10 , and have a low torque, losing speed when faced with obstacles 11 .…”

“…Electric motors have replaced these turbines in dental equipment. They produce speeds of 50,000–200,000 rpm while maintaining the flexibility of a continuous high-torque drive system, enabling the operator greater tactile sensitivity 4 , 9 , 10 .…”

“…However, in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, most of the studies are currently focused on piezosurgery 5 – 7 , 9 , 14 which, despite causing less tissue trauma has a longer trans-surgical time 7 . There is a gap in the literature of studies in the surgical area on the effect of the electric motor in outpatient surgeries, and how it compares with other cutting systems 4 .…”