Extraction of ‘Gannanzao’ Orange Peel Essential Oil by Response Surface Methodology and its Effect on Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration

Abstract

The essential oil of ‘Gannanzao’ orange peel was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the extraction conditions were optimized by Box–Behnken response surface methodology. The components of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-nine different components were detected, accounting for 99.59% of the total oil. Limonene (88.07%) was the prominent component. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: liquid material ratio of 8.4:1 (mL/g), sodium chloride concentration of 5.3%, and distillation time of 3.5 h. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that ‘Gannanzao’ orange peel essential oil had good dose-dependent inhibition effect on the proliferation of HepG2 hepatoma cells and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. When the concentration of the essential oil was 0.6 μL/mL or higher, the viability rate of both cancer cells became lower than 13.0%. The transwell assay indicated the essential oil can inhibit migration of both cancer cells at the concentration of 0.3 μL/mL.

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Properties of Grapefruit Essential Oil Prepared by Molecular Distillation

“…The effects of different concentrations of LPEO on the proliferation of HepG2 liver cancer and HCT116 colon cancer cells were tested by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method [42,43]. The results are shown in Figure 2.…”

“…The much higher activity of mandarin EO than LPEO (0.24 µL/mL) may attributed to other high potent phytochemicals in cold-pressed EO. We have reported antiproliferative activity of the 'Gannanzao' orange EO (GOEO) prepared by hydrodistillation, which exhibited IC 50 of 0.29 µL/mL and 0.35 µL/mL against HepG2 cells and HCT116 colon cancer cells, respectively [43]. LPEO showed a slightly higher activity than GOEO, which may be attributed to its higher limonene content (LPEO 93.33%, GOEO 88.07%).…”

“…The cell proliferation inhibition rate of LPEO was evaluated by CCK-8 assay [42,43]. LPEO (50 µL) was added to the medium and mixed well.…”

Response of Orchid Cut Flowers as Affected by Floral Preservatives on the Postharvest Quality

“…A. Shah et al, 2017). This method has been used for the extraction of essential oils from C. sinensis peels (Liu et al, 2019).…”

Biological Activity of Essential Oils

“…Among other less investigated biological effects, there is an anticancer potential of some EOs, checked in vitro and/or in vivo. EO obtained from Gannanzao orange showed a significant inhibition in the proliferation and migration of hepatoma and colorectal cancer cells [24]. The latter were sensitive to EO from Origanum onites, which was also able to inhibit in vivo the growth of syngeneic CT26 colon tumors when used for prophylactic oral administration in a murine experimental model [25].…”