Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Properties of Grapefruit Essential Oil Prepared by Molecular Distillation

Abstract

Grapefruit essential oil has been proven to have wide range of bioactivities. However, bioactivity of its molecular distillate has not been well studied. In this study, a light phase oil was obtained by molecular distillation from cold-pressed grapefruit essential oil and GC-MS was used to identify its chemical composition. The antimicrobial activity of the light phase oil was tested by filter paper diffusion method, and the anticancer activity was determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Twenty-four components were detected with a total relative content of 99.74%, including 97.48% of terpenes and 1.66% of oxygenated terpenes. The light phase oil had the best antimicrobial effect on Bacillus subtilis, followed by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonellaty phimurium. DPPH and ABTS assays demonstrated that the light phase oil had good antioxidant activity. The CCK-8 assay of cell proliferation showed that the light phase oil had a good inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 liver cancer cells and HCT116 colon cancer cells.

Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antimycotoxigenic, and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils: An Updated Review

“…It should also be considered that there could be different methods applied while obtaining EOs from their sources. Deng et al [ 162 ] worked on the impact of the molecular distillation method on the antioxidant characteristics of cold-pressed Citrus paradisi Macf. (grapefruit) EO as measured by DPPH (IC 50 = 22.06 mg/mL) and ABTS (IC 50 = 15.72 mg/mL) methods.…”

“…Citrus is one of the most consumed and harvested fruits all over the World [ 194 , 195 ], and its genus is composed of several types of fruits such as sweet orange, mandarin, grapefruit, lime, and lemon [ 196 ]. The antioxidant activity of citrus EOs containing many bioactive compounds is one of the commonly known biological activities [ 162 , 197 ]. Guo et al [ 177 ] examined the antioxidant activities of several citrus EOs and compared their activities based on the results of DPPH and ABTS methods.…”

Essential Oil Enriched with Oxygenated Constituents from Invasive Plant Argemone ochroleuca Exhibited Potent Phytotoxic Effects

“…The chemical compounds of EOs were biosynthesized via the different isoprenoid pathways [ 3 ]. The EOs have been described as potent biological agents such as phytotoxic [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], antimicrobial [ 8 ], anti-inflammatory, antipyretic [ 9 ], antiulcer [ 10 ], and hepatoprotective [ 11 ]. The bioactivities of EOs are directly correlated and associated with their chemical constituents [ 5 ].…”

Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques

“…EOs are considered as a promising source of complex mixtures of metabolites, especially terpenoids [ 6 , 7 ]. Many biological activities have been investigated for EOs, such as phytotoxic [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], antimicrobial [ 11 ], anti-inflammatory, antipyretic [ 12 ], antiulcer [ 13 ], and hepatoprotective activities [ 14 ]. The Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family is considered an important family, having many aromatic plants.…”