Extraction of flavonoids from garden (Salvia officinalis L.) and glutinous (Salvia glutinosa L.) sage by ultrasonic and classical maceration

Abstract

Flavonoids were analyzed in the extracts of garden (Salvia officinalis L.) and glutinous (Salvia glutinosa L.) sage. Ultrasonic extraction (20 minutes at 40?C) and classical maceration (6 h at room temperature) of the extractable substances from dried herbs and dried residual plant materials from which the essential oil had previously been removed by hydrodistillation were performed with petroleum ether, 70 % aqueous solution of ethanol and water. It was found that the extracts from both plants contained flavonoids, but their compositions were dependent of the plant species, the polarity of the extracting solvent and the extraction technique applied. Apigenin and its derivatives (e.g., apigenin 4'-methyl ether), scutellarein 6-methyl ether, isoscutellarein 8-methyl ether, luteolin and 6-OH-luteolin-6-methyl ether where distinctive for S. officinalis. Apigenin, luteolin, 6-OH-luteolin-6-methyl ether, kaempherol 3-methyl ether, kaempherol 3,7-dimethyl ether, quercetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether and quercetin 3,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether were distinctive for S. glutinosa. The flavonoids were also detected in considerable quantities in the plant material from which the essential oils had been already removed. Hence, this industrial waste plant material might be further used as a source of the flavonoids. .

Effect of ultrasound‐assisted maceration on the quality of oil from the leaves of thyme Thymus vulgaris L.

“…of secretory hair type that are characterized by a thin 'envelope'), ultrasound leads much more easily to the swelling and destruction of that secretory structure than in the case of CM. [6,18] Besides observations made in SEM, the above data confirm the quantitative results achieved on oil efficiency during maceration examined prior to the distillation process ( Figure 1A). In the case of maceration for 10-60 min, statistically more essential oil was obtained (5-9%) as a result of distillation preceded by UAM than in parallel conditions without sonification.…”

Current trends in isolation, separation, determination and identification of isoflavones: A review

“…Ultrasound-assisted methods substantially shorten the time needed for liquid extraction, i. e. from 6 hours to 20 minutes in the case of garden sage [23]. High intensity ultrasound-assisted extraction (sonication) has been used for extraction of isoflavones and oils from soybeans, using hexane, 2-propanol, and a 3:2 hexane -isopropanol mixture [24].…”

Optimization of Ultrasonic‐Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis for the Extraction of Luteolin and Apigenin from Celery

“…Furthermore, these 2 enzymes could reduce the formation of complexes produced by the combination of these main plant cell wall constituents—cellulose and pectin with many phenolic hydroxyl groups existing in flavonoids (Fu and others 2008). In addition, the ultrasonic techniques have recently been widely employed in the extraction processes (Velickovc and others 2007; Zayas 1986). Results demonstrated that this technique dramatically increased the extraction efficiency in some types of plant material (Velickovc and others 2007).…”