Extraction of astaxanthin from <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with ethanol modifier

Pan, Jian Liang; Wang, Hui‐Min David; Chen, Chun‐Yen; Chang, Jo Shu

doi:10.1002/elsc.201100157

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Saponification was carried out to hydrolyze astaxanthin esters following a modified method described by Pan et al [ 23 ]. In general, saponification was conducted by passing nitrogen (N 2 ) through a mixture consisting of 5.0 mL of extraction fluid, 15.0 mL of methanol, and 6.0 mL of saponification solution (3.5 M NaOH) at 15 °C for 24 h. The process was carried out in darkness, and the nitrogen supply was cut off when the volume was reduced to 10.0 mL, and the saponification process was complete.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriched Astaxanthin Extract from Haematococcus pluvialis Augments Growth Factor Secretions to Increase Cell Proliferation and Induces MMP1 Degradation to Enhance Collagen Production in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Chou

Chelsea

Pan

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Among many antioxidants that are used for the repairing of oxidative stress induced skin damages, we identified the enriched astaxanthin extract (EAE) from Haematococcus pluvialis as a viable ingredient. EAE was extracted from the red microalgae through supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction. To compare the effectiveness, EAE wastreated on human dermal fibroblasts with other components, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and doxycycline. With sirius red staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we found that PMA decreased the collagen concentration and production while overall the addition of doxycycline and EAE increased the collagen concentration in a trial experiments. EAE increased collagen contents through inhibited MMP1 and MMP3 mRNA expression and induced TIMP1, the antagonists of MMPs protein, gene expression. As for when tested for various proteins through western blotting, it was seen that the addition of EAE increased the expression of certain proteins that promote cell proliferation. Testing those previous solutions using growth factor assay, it was noticeable that EAE had a positive impact on cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) than doxycycline, indicating that it was a better alternative treatment for collagen production. To sum up, the data confirmed the possible applications as medical cosmetology agentsand food supplements.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriched Astaxanthin Extract from Haematococcus pluvialis Augments Growth Factor Secretions to Increase Cell Proliferation and Induces MMP1 Degradation to Enhance Collagen Production in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Chou

Chelsea

Pan

et al. 2016

IJMS

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“…Astaxanthin, lutein, and fatty acids (FAs) naturally accumulate in several marine species including the microalgae H. pluvialis, which contains the highest levels per cell. Due to the strong antioxidant and antiaging properties from H. pluvialis , it has been cultivated by several industries [ 4 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. H. pluvialis are unicellular representatives of the phylum Chlorophyta, which can be found in freshwater, marine, or even terrestrial environments [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Fatty Acids from Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae

et al. 2018

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Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae in the red phase can produce significant amounts of astaxanthin, lutein, and fatty acids (FAs), which are valuable antioxidants in nutraceutics and cosmetics. Extraction of astaxanthin, lutein, and FAs from disrupted biomass of the H. pluvialis red phase using carbon dioxide (CO2) in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions was investigated using a bench-scale reactor in a semi-batch configuration. In particular, the effect of extraction time (20, 40, 60, 80, and 120 min), CO2 flow rate (3.62 and 14.48 g/min) temperature (50, 65, and 80 °C), and pressure (100, 400, and 550 bar.) was explored. The results show the maximum recovery of astaxanthin and lutein achieved were 98.6% and 52.3%, respectively, at 50 °C and 550 bars, while the maximum recovery of FAs attained was 93.2% at 65 °C and 550 bars.

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“…Disruption of these cell walls has proven difficult even when using harsh treatments including acetolysis and autoclaving, which will invariably result in losses of astaxanthin [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Extraction using supercritical CO 2 is the method of choice, with a low temperature and pressure (31.1 °C and 1085 psi) [ 32 ], resulting in release and stabilisation of the pigment. However, the equipment needed is expensive with high capital and operational costs [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Screening for Obtaining Haematococcus pluvialis Red Motile Macrozooids Rich in Astaxanthin and Fatty Acids

Butler

McDougall

Campbell

et al. 2017

Biology

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Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis is commercially produced in a two-stage process, involving green vegetative (macrozooid) and red aplanospore stages. This approach has been scaled up to an industrial process but constraints limit its commercial success and profitability, including: contamination issues, high pigment extraction costs, requirements for high light levels and photo-bleaching in the red stage. However, in addition to the aplanospore stage, this alga can produce astaxanthin in vegetative palmelloid and motile macrozooid cells. In this study, a two-stage process utilising different media in the green stage, with subsequent re-suspension in medium without nitrate was employed to optimise the formation of red motile macrozooids. Optimal growth in the green phase was obtained on cultivation under mixotrophic conditions in EG:JM media followed by re-suspension in medium without nitrate resulting in red motile macrozooids with an astaxanthin content of 2.74% (78.4% of total carotenoids) and a lipid content of 35.3% (rich in unsaturated fatty acids. It is envisaged that the red motile macrozooids could be harvested and fed as a whole-cell product directly in the animal feed and aquaculture sectors, or used as a blend of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in nutraceutical products.

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Extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with ethanol modifier

Cited by 72 publications

References 39 publications

Enriched Astaxanthin Extract from Haematococcus pluvialis Augments Growth Factor Secretions to Increase Cell Proliferation and Induces MMP1 Degradation to Enhance Collagen Production in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Enriched Astaxanthin Extract from Haematococcus pluvialis Augments Growth Factor Secretions to Increase Cell Proliferation and Induces MMP1 Degradation to Enhance Collagen Production in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Fatty Acids from Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae

Media Screening for Obtaining Haematococcus pluvialis Red Motile Macrozooids Rich in Astaxanthin and Fatty Acids

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