Extraction Condition of Clitorea ternatea Flower on Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid and Total Anthocyanin Contents

Abstract

Clitoria ternatea is a herbaceous plant with many health benefits. Extraction is crucial to obtain its bioactive components which contribute to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study was conducted to find an optimum extraction condition of C. ternatea flower on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity) as well as to determine its total flavonoid content (TFC) and anthocyanin content based on the optimum extraction condition generated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Design Expert 7.1.5. TPC, TFC and total anthocyanin of C. ternatea were conducted by Folin Ciocalteu (FC), calorimetric assay and pH differential method, respectively. The ranges of selected independent variables were ethanol concentration (30°C–90% v/v), time (60–120 min) and temperature (30°C–70°C). The optimum extraction condition was obtained at 39.62% v/v ethanol concentration, 90 min and 44.24°C. However, these values were slightly adjusted according to the convenience of equipment to operate in which ethanol concentration was adjusted to 37% v/v, time remain at 90 min and temperature at 45°C. The predicted values of TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity were 41.60 mg GAE/g dry samples and 68.12% inhibition and were experimentally verified to be 41.17 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g dry samples and 63.53 ± 0.95% inhibition of TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity respectively. This result has showed RSM can optimise TPC and radical scavenging activity of C. ternatea . Upon the optimum condition, the TFC determined was 187.05 ± 3.18 mg quercetin/g dried sample which was higher than TPC and the total anthocyanin content was 28.60 ± 0.04 mg/L. Hence, the extractable phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin compounds indicated that C. ternatea is a good source of natural antioxidant.

Modeling and optimization of polyphenol extraction from the petals of Clitorea ternatea using response surface methodology

“…Previous investigations conducted on optimizing extraction parameters for phenolic and anthocyanin extraction from C.ternatea flowers through different techniques reports data similar to those obtained from the present work. Optimized temperature for ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolics from C.ternatea flowers was reported to be 50°C, 24 similarly Jaafar et al, 25 has identified that the optimum ethanol concentration and extraction temperature for phenolic extraction from C.ternatea flowers as 39.62% and 44.24°C respectively which was close to the values obtained from our work. The findings of the current study may be useful for the food industry and pharmaceutical analysis to directly apply the optimized conditions so that it can reduce the cost and labor‐intensive process with efficient extraction of antioxidant compounds.…”

Anthocyanins From Clitoria ternatea Flower: Biosynthesis, Extraction, Stability, Antioxidant Activity, and Applications

“…Therefore, when anthocyanins from blue pea flowers are extracted for food application, the use of hazardous organic solvents should be avoided (Khoo et al, 2017;Chemat et al, 2019). Several studies have used hydro alcoholic extraction [i.e., 37% ethanol (Jaafar et al, 2020), 50% ethanol (Pham et al, 2019), 50% methanol (Shen et al, 2019)] to extract anthocyanins from blue pea flower. However, FDA (2018) has categorised methanol as a class 2 solvent having inherent toxicity and ethanol as a class 3 solvent that should be limited by good manufacturing practices (GMP) and other quality-based requirements.…”

Antibacterial activity of Medan Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) corolla extract against Streptococcus mutans ATCC®25175™ and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC®6538™

“…The nature factors such as climate and soil characteristics, the presence of antimicrobial agents, and mode of action will affect the pharmacological activities from different parts of the butterfly pea. According to butterfly pea morphological variations in Indonesia, to identify the optimum extraction condition, high amount of bioactive chemicals and antioxidants, numerous crit-ical aspects such as the solvent, extraction duration, and temperature should be considered as main factors (Jaafar et al 2020). Another suggestion, combination with other herbs that favour as traditional medicine in Indonesia, can achieve a safe and effective oral hygiene aid with orthodontics herbal-based products to anticipate the susceptible to reactive oxygen species.…”