Extraction and characterization of gelatin from skin trimming pickled waste of tannery

Extraction of insoluble fibrous collagen for characterization and crosslinking with phenolic compounds from pomegranate byproducts for leather tanning applications

“… 42 It serves a variety of purposes, including preserving unprocessed skin, sterilization and improving crosslinking with subsequent tanning agents. The main role of pickling is collagen acidification, where sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are usually used, 43 which causes chemical deterioration of the collagen structure, and ultimately gelatinization and collagen loss. 44 In this work, a novel approach is targeted to avoid collagen damage in the skin surface during this step which is to use organic acids instead of mineral ones.…”

Semi-Synthetic Click-Gelatin Hydrogels as Tunable Platforms for 3D Cancer Cell Culture

“…Gel-SH and PEG-4MAL solutions were dissolved in 100 mM, 200 mM, and 300 mM HEPES buffer, to determine the effect of HEPES and hydrogel precursor concentration, on precursor and hydrogel pH, as well as hydrogel crosslinking time. HEPES buffer was chosen because of its optimal buffering within the pH range of Michael-type addition for thiol-maleimide conjugation (pH 6.5-7.5), as maleimides select for both thiols and amines when the reaction pH exceeds 7.5 [70,71]. As seen in Figure 3B, increasing the concentration of Gel-SH resulted in decreased solution pH for all concentrations of HEPES buffer tested, except for 100 mM HEPES, where increasing Gel-SH concentration did not alter the pH of the Gel-SH solution.…”

“…Crosslinking between Gel-SH and PEG-4MAL is possible through Michael-type addition of Gel-SH thiol groups with the carbon-carbon double bond of the maleimide ring of PEG-4MAL, resulting in a stable iodosuccinimide bond ( Figure 3 A). The Michael-type reaction between the thiol group of Gel-SH and maleimide ring of PEG-4MAL is nucleophilic in nature; therefore, it was expected that the reaction kinetics may be influenced by solution pH [ 70 ]. Gel-SH and PEG-4MAL solutions were dissolved in 100 mM, 200 mM, and 300 mM HEPES buffer, to determine the effect of HEPES and hydrogel precursor concentration, on precursor and hydrogel pH, as well as hydrogel crosslinking time.…”

“…Gel-SH and PEG-4MAL solutions were dissolved in 100 mM, 200 mM, and 300 mM HEPES buffer, to determine the effect of HEPES and hydrogel precursor concentration, on precursor and hydrogel pH, as well as hydrogel crosslinking time. HEPES buffer was chosen because of its optimal buffering within the pH range of Michael-type addition for thiol-maleimide conjugation (pH 6.5–7.5), as maleimides select for both thiols and amines when the reaction pH exceeds 7.5 [ 70 , 71 ].…”

Depollution of Polymeric Leather Waste by Applying the Most Current Methods of Chromium Extraction

“…The leather industry is based on leather manufacturing, which is one of the oldest activities in the history of mankind [ 2 ]. This industry uses animal skins and hides as raw material [ 2 ], coming especially from the meat industry [ 5 ], to obtain a variety of products, such as belts, clothes, shoes, and bags [ 6 ]. Annually, the leather industry consumes approximately 8–9 million tons of raw skin and hide [ 7 ].…”